a two-dimensional, or flat, representation of Earths surface or a portion of it
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map scale
the relationship between the size of an object on a map and the size of the actual feature on Earth’s surface
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mashup
a map that overlays data from one source on top of a map provided by a mapping service
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meme
contagious diffusion through the internet or social media
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mental map
a representation of a portion of Earth’s surface based on what an individual knows about a place that contains personal impressions of what is in the place and where it is located
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meridian
an arc drawn on a map between the north and south poles
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network
a chain of communication that connects places
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nonrenewable resource
a resource that is produced in nature more slowly than it is consumed by humans
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parallel
a circle drawn around the globe parallel to the equator and at right angles to the meridians
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participatory GIS (PGIS)
community-based mapping, representing local knowledge and information
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pattern
the geometric or regular arrangement of something in a particular area
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photogrammetry
the science of taking measurements of the Earth’s surface from photographs
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place
a specific point on Earth, distinguished by a particular characteristic
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polder
land that the Dutch have created by draining water from an area
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possiblism
the theory that the physical environment may set limits on human actions, but people have the ability to adjust the physical environment and choose a course of action from many alternatives
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poststructuralist geography
geographic approach that examines how the powerful in a society dominate, or seek to control, less powerful groups, how the dominated groups occupy space, and confrontations that result from the domination
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preservation
the maintenance of resources in their present condition, with as little human impact as possible
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prime meridian
the meridian, designated as 0 degrees longitude, that passes through the royal observatory at Greenwich, England
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projection
a system used to transfer locations from Earth’s surface to a flat map
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region
an area distinguished by one or more distinctive characteristics
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relocation diffusion
the spread of a feature or trend through bodily movement of people from one place to another
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remote sensing
the acquisition of data about Earth’s surface from a satellite orbiting the planet or from long distance methods
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renewable resources
a resource that is produced in nature more rapidly than it is consumed by humans
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resource
a substance in the environment that is useful to people, is economically and technologically feasible to access, and is socially acceptable to use
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scale
the relationship between the portion of Earth being studied and Earth as a whole
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site
the physical character of a place
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situation (relative location)
the location of a place relative to another place
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space
the physical gap or interval between two objects
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space-time compression
the reduction in the time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place as a result of improved communications and transportation systems
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spacial association
the relationship between the distribution of one feature and the distribution of another feature
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stimulus diffusion
the spread of an underlying principle
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sustainability
the use of Earth’s renewable and nonrenewable natural resources in ways that do not contain resource use in the future
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syncretism
the combining of elements of two groups into a new cultural feature
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toponym
the name given to a portion of Earth’s surface
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transnational corporation
a company that conducts research, operates factories, and sells products in many countries, not just where its headquarters of shareholders are locates
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uneven development
the increasing gap in economic condition between core and peripheral regions as a result of the globalization of the economy
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vernacular (perceptual) region
an area that people believe exists as apart of their cultural identity
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volunteered geographic information (VGI)
creation and dissemination of geographic data contributed voluntarily and for free by individuals