atp synthase

structure of the protein

f0 is the part the spin and f1 is the alpha and beta bit
P = intermembrane side, stands for positive
N = mt matrix side, stands for negative

catalytic subunits

each set of alpha and beta sections is one
each set has 3 possible states

atp synthase energentics

atp synthase has low binding affinity for adp but high for atp - helps overcome the second bump on the graph (atp binding energy)

atp synthase stabilizes atp

proton motive force drives the release of ATP and overcomes the largest energy bump on the graph - slowest step helped by the potential energy of the chemical gradient

states of the alpha, beta su

f1 su don’t rotate/spin but conf changes drive chemical rxns

states: empty (open), adp + pi (loose), atp (tight)

binding exchange model

3 nonequivalent adenine binding sites (for the A in ADP / ATP to bind) in the beta su of each set

empty → adp + pi → atp → empty

mechanically how does atp synthase work

proton translocation causes f0 rotation, which rotates the gamma shaft and drives the conformational changes

where the shaft is pointing is an empty set

numbers of atp synthase

1/3 of a turn uses 3 protons
1 full turn uses 9 protons and makes 3 atp

2.5 atp are made per nadh and 1.5 atp per fadh2

how much atp is made from glycolysis in total

30-32 atp

but isn’t a perfect system - some e- and h+ are lost to o2 (making h2o2)