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Ion
Atoms with a positive or negative charge.
Covalent Bond
A bond between two nonmetals that involves sharing electrons.
Ionic Bond
A bond formed between a metal and a nonmetal where electrons are transferred.
Metallic Bond
A bond between metals, characterized by a sea of electrons.
Octet Rule
Atoms form bonds so that each atom has 8 electrons in its valence shell (except for H and He).
Valence Electrons
Electrons in the outermost shell (energy level) of an atom.
Unit Cell (Ionic Bond)
The smallest number of particles that can represent the arrangement of atoms.
Polar Covalent Bond
A type of bond where electrons are shared unequally between atoms.
Nonpolar Covalent Bond
A bond where electrons are shared equally between atoms.
Intermolecular Forces
Forces that mediate interaction between molecules, including hydrogen bonding and dipole-dipole attractions.
Hydrogen Bonding
Attraction between a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to an electronegative atom and another electronegative atom.
Double Bond
A type of covalent bond where two pairs of electrons are shared between atoms.
Triple Bond
A type of covalent bond where three pairs of electrons are shared between atoms.
Lewis Dot Structure
A diagram that shows the bonding between atoms of a molecule and the lone pairs of electrons.
Electronegativity
A measure of an atom's ability to attract and hold on to electrons.
VSEPR Theory
A model used to predict the geometry of individual molecules based on the extent of electron-pair repulsion.
Steric Number
The number of atoms bonded to a central atom plus the number of lone pairs of electrons on that atom.
Lone Pair
A pair of valence electrons that are not shared with another atom and are not involved in bonding.
Dihydrogen Trisulfide
A covalent compound with the formula H2S3.
Barium Acetate
A compound with the formula Ba(C2H3O2)2.
Carbon Dioxide
A covalent compound with the formula CO2.
Electrons in a Bond
Typically, 2 electrons are shared in a single bond.
Formula for Ionic Compounds
Represents the ratio of cations to anions in the compound.
Noble Gas Configuration
The electron configuration of a noble gas achieved through the loss, gain, or sharing of electrons.
Potassium Nitrate
A chemical compound with the formula KNO3.
Sulfur Hexafluoride
A molecular compound with the formula SF6.
Nitrogen Tribromide
A molecular compound with the formula NBr3.
Selenium Tetrafluoride
A molecular compound with the formula SeF4.
Carbon Monoxide
A molecular compound with the formula CO.
Ionic Compound Naming
Compounds usually named by identifying the cation first, followed by the anion.
Mercury (I) Iodide
A compound with the formula Hg2I2.
