ch 16

The primary function of ADH is to

decrease the amount of water lost at the kidneys.

The ________ gland sits along the superior border of the kidney.

suprarenal

Hormonal actions on cells can affect all of the following except

decrease levels of calcium ions.

The condition known as goiter can result from too

little iodine in the diet.

Two hormones that have opposing effects are called

antagonists.

Which of the following hormones may lead to acromegaly if hypersecreted after closure of the epiphyseal plates?

growth hormone

Name the hormones secreted by the heart. (Module 16.15A)

natriuretic peptides

Name the hormone and enzyme secreted by the kidneys. (Module 16.15B)

The kidneys secrete the hormone erythropoietin and the enzyme renin.

Name the two lobes of the pituitary gland. (Module 16.6A)

anterior lobe and posterior lobe

________ are chemical messengers that are released in one tissue and transported in the bloodstream to alter the activities of specific cells in other tissues.

Hormones

Melatonin is produced by the

pineal gland.

Define regulatory hormone. (Module 16.5A)

A regulatory hormone is a hormone secreted by the hypothalamus that controls endocrine cells in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.

Which of the following is mismatched?

endocrine communication — target cells are directly adjacent to each other

If a diabetic patient received too much insulin, the low blood sugar could be corrected by injecting

glucagon.

Cells of the adrenal cortex produce

aldosterone.

Which of the following statements about the endocrine system is false?

It releases hormones, all of which are lipids, directly into the bloodstream.

The testes produce

testosterone.

Changes in blood osmotic pressure would most affect the secretion of

ADH.

The pituitary hormone that promotes egg development in ovaries and sperm development in testes is

FSH.

The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar levels to fall is

insulin.

The inner portion of the adrenal gland is the

medulla.

When one hormone is needed for a second hormone to produce an effect, it is called

permissive.

Steroid hormones

bind to receptors in the nucleus of their target cells.

Define endocrine system. (Module 16.3A)

The endocrine system includes organs whose primary role is the production of hormones or paracrines.

Define hormone receptor. (Module 16.4A)

A hormone receptor is a protein located outside or inside the cell that binds with a specific hormone.

Which of the following responses do not occur when blood glucose levels are increasing above the normal range, such as after eating a meal?

There is an increase in the breakdown of fat into fatty acids in adipose tissue.

List three functions suggested for melatonin in humans. (Module 16.12C)

maintain circadian rhythms, control the timing of sexual maturation, protect against damage by free radicals

Describe the locations of the parathyroid glands. (Module 16.9A)

They are embedded in the posterior surfaces of the lateral lobes of the thyroid gland.

A hormone that can lower blood levels of calcium ion is

calcitonin.

Name the hormones of the thyroid gland. (Module 16.8B)

thyroxine (T₄), triiodothyronine (T₃), and calcitonin

Decreased blood calcium level would result in increased secretion of which hormone? (Module 16.9C)

parathyroid hormone

Inadequate iodine in the diet would not lead to

Grave's disease.

If stress lasts longer than a few hours, an individual will enter the ________ phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS).

resistance

The functional organization of the nervous system parallels that of the ________ system in many ways.

endocrine

Growth hormone does all of the following except

cause fat accumulation within adipocytes.

Cells can respond to ________ hormone(s) at a time.

several

The pituitary hormone that stimulates cell growth and replication by accelerating protein synthesis is

growth hormone.

TSH plays a key role in ________ of thyroid hormones.

both production and release

The outer layer of the adrenal gland is the

cortex.

PRL is to ________ as ACTH is to ________.

prolactin; corticotropin

List the three phases of the stress response. (Module 16.17A)

alarm phase, resistance phase, and exhaustion phase

The secretion of which hormone lowers blood glucose concentration? (Module 16.11B)

insulin

All of the following are true of steroid hormones except that they

are produced by the adrenal medulla.

Hormones that regulate the male and female reproductive organs are collectively called

gonadotropins.

All of the following are result of thyroid hormones except

decreased heart rate and force of contraction

All of the following are true of the nervous system, except that it doesn't

function independently of the endocrine system.

Hormones can be divided into different groups based on their chemistry. These categories include all of the following except

carbohydrates.

Which of the following hormones increases production of red blood cells?

erythropoietin

A person with untreated diabetes mellitus may exhibit all of the following symptoms except

hypoglycemia.

When blood glucose levels rise,

insulin is released.

Hormones that produce different but complementary results are called

integrative.

The pituitary hormone that causes the kidney to reduce water loss is

ADH.

What is the common goal of the nervous and endocrine systems? (Module 16.1A)

To coordinate and regulate the activities of other cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems.

Norepinephrine and epinephrine are considered to be ________ when released into the bloodstream, but ________ when released at synapses.

hormones; neurotransmitters

The posterior pituitary gland secretes

ADH.

The hormone oxytocin does all of the following except

is responsive to osmoreceptors.

Which of the following is a known effect of thyroid hormone on peripheral tissues?

All of the answers are correct.

Define diabetes mellitus. (Module 16.13A)

Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels.

Two hormones that have additive effects are called

synergists.

The hormone that does the opposite of calcitonin is

parathyroid hormone.

The adrenal medulla produces

epinephrine.

The ovaries secrete ________ when stimulated by FSH.

estrogen

The endocrine system works most closely with the ________ system to maintain homeostasis.

cardiovascular