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The primary function of ADH is to
decrease the amount of water lost at the kidneys.
The ________ gland sits along the superior border of the kidney.
suprarenal
Hormonal actions on cells can affect all of the following except
decrease levels of calcium ions.
The condition known as goiter can result from too
little iodine in the diet.
Two hormones that have opposing effects are called
antagonists.
Which of the following hormones may lead to acromegaly if hypersecreted after closure of the epiphyseal plates?
growth hormone
Name the hormones secreted by the heart. (Module 16.15A)
natriuretic peptides
Name the hormone and enzyme secreted by the kidneys. (Module 16.15B)
The kidneys secrete the hormone erythropoietin and the enzyme renin.
Name the two lobes of the pituitary gland. (Module 16.6A)
anterior lobe and posterior lobe
________ are chemical messengers that are released in one tissue and transported in the bloodstream to alter the activities of specific cells in other tissues.
Hormones
Melatonin is produced by the
pineal gland.
Define regulatory hormone. (Module 16.5A)
A regulatory hormone is a hormone secreted by the hypothalamus that controls endocrine cells in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.
Which of the following is mismatched?
endocrine communication — target cells are directly adjacent to each other
If a diabetic patient received too much insulin, the low blood sugar could be corrected by injecting
glucagon.
Cells of the adrenal cortex produce
aldosterone.
Which of the following statements about the endocrine system is false?
It releases hormones, all of which are lipids, directly into the bloodstream.
The testes produce
testosterone.
Changes in blood osmotic pressure would most affect the secretion of
ADH.
The pituitary hormone that promotes egg development in ovaries and sperm development in testes is
FSH.
The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar levels to fall is
insulin.
The inner portion of the adrenal gland is the
medulla.
When one hormone is needed for a second hormone to produce an effect, it is called
permissive.
Steroid hormones
bind to receptors in the nucleus of their target cells.
Define endocrine system. (Module 16.3A)
The endocrine system includes organs whose primary role is the production of hormones or paracrines.
Define hormone receptor. (Module 16.4A)
A hormone receptor is a protein located outside or inside the cell that binds with a specific hormone.
Which of the following responses do not occur when blood glucose levels are increasing above the normal range, such as after eating a meal?
There is an increase in the breakdown of fat into fatty acids in adipose tissue.
List three functions suggested for melatonin in humans. (Module 16.12C)
maintain circadian rhythms, control the timing of sexual maturation, protect against damage by free radicals
Describe the locations of the parathyroid glands. (Module 16.9A)
They are embedded in the posterior surfaces of the lateral lobes of the thyroid gland.
A hormone that can lower blood levels of calcium ion is
calcitonin.
Name the hormones of the thyroid gland. (Module 16.8B)
thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and calcitonin
Decreased blood calcium level would result in increased secretion of which hormone? (Module 16.9C)
parathyroid hormone
Inadequate iodine in the diet would not lead to
Grave's disease.
If stress lasts longer than a few hours, an individual will enter the ________ phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS).
resistance
The functional organization of the nervous system parallels that of the ________ system in many ways.
endocrine
Growth hormone does all of the following except
cause fat accumulation within adipocytes.
Cells can respond to ________ hormone(s) at a time.
several
The pituitary hormone that stimulates cell growth and replication by accelerating protein synthesis is
growth hormone.
TSH plays a key role in ________ of thyroid hormones.
both production and release
The outer layer of the adrenal gland is the
cortex.
PRL is to ________ as ACTH is to ________.
prolactin; corticotropin
List the three phases of the stress response. (Module 16.17A)
alarm phase, resistance phase, and exhaustion phase
The secretion of which hormone lowers blood glucose concentration? (Module 16.11B)
insulin
All of the following are true of steroid hormones except that they
are produced by the adrenal medulla.
Hormones that regulate the male and female reproductive organs are collectively called
gonadotropins.
All of the following are result of thyroid hormones except
decreased heart rate and force of contraction
All of the following are true of the nervous system, except that it doesn't
function independently of the endocrine system.
Hormones can be divided into different groups based on their chemistry. These categories include all of the following except
carbohydrates.
Which of the following hormones increases production of red blood cells?
erythropoietin
A person with untreated diabetes mellitus may exhibit all of the following symptoms except
hypoglycemia.
When blood glucose levels rise,
insulin is released.
Hormones that produce different but complementary results are called
integrative.
The pituitary hormone that causes the kidney to reduce water loss is
ADH.
What is the common goal of the nervous and endocrine systems? (Module 16.1A)
To coordinate and regulate the activities of other cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems.
Norepinephrine and epinephrine are considered to be ________ when released into the bloodstream, but ________ when released at synapses.
hormones; neurotransmitters
The posterior pituitary gland secretes
ADH.
The hormone oxytocin does all of the following except
is responsive to osmoreceptors.
Which of the following is a known effect of thyroid hormone on peripheral tissues?
All of the answers are correct.
Define diabetes mellitus. (Module 16.13A)
Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels.
Two hormones that have additive effects are called
synergists.
The hormone that does the opposite of calcitonin is
parathyroid hormone.
The adrenal medulla produces
epinephrine.
The ovaries secrete ________ when stimulated by FSH.
estrogen
The endocrine system works most closely with the ________ system to maintain homeostasis.
cardiovascular