World History: Key Concepts

What is cultural diffusion?

The exchange/transfer of ideas, people, goods, and more through trade, leading to a blending of cultures.

Which trade network facilitated the spread of Islam and Buddhism?

The Indian Ocean Trade Network.

What was one consequence of the Mongol Empire's expansion?

The spread of disease from Asia to Europe.

How did the Mongols contribute to trade?

They protected the Silk Road and encouraged peaceful trade.

What was the Bubonic Plague's impact on society?

It caused millions of deaths and led to social order breakdown due to isolation and quarantine.

What geographic advantage did the Ottoman Empire have?

Access to the Mediterranean Sea network and important water ports.

How did the Ottoman Empire manage religious diversity?

They had restrictive policies like the janissary system and allowed communities to practice their religion for taxes.

What was Akbar the Great's approach to religious tolerance in the Mughal Empire?

He removed the non-Muslim tax and encouraged harmony between Hindus and Muslims.

What sparked the Protestant Reformation?

Martin Luther's 95 theses, which criticized the sale of indulgences.

What was a significant outcome of the Protestant Reformation?

The formation of new branches of Christianity and a challenge to the Catholic Church's authority.

What did the Scientific Revolution challenge?

The authority of the church and the Bible with new scientific ideas based on natural laws and reason.

What theory did Kepler and Galileo present?

The heliocentric theory, stating that the sun is the center of the universe.

What motivated Europeans during the Age of Exploration?

The desire to find sea routes to Asia for spices.

What was the Columbian Exchange?

A network of cultural diffusion where people, animals, goods, ideas, and diseases were traded between the New and Old Worlds.

What was a consequence of European colonization on indigenous peoples in the Americas?

The introduction of diseases that killed millions and the establishment of the slave trade.

What system did the Spanish introduce to exploit native labor?

The encomienda system, which forced natives to work on plantations in exchange for religious conversion.

What is the theory of divine right?

The belief that monarchs derive their power directly from God.

What characterized the Age of Absolutism?

Monarchs held unlimited, centralized power with no authority for citizens.

What types of questions will be on the test?

28 multiple-choice questions, 2 sets of constructed response questions, and 1 enduring issues essay.

What is required in the enduring issues essay?

Identify one enduring issue, use at least three documents, incorporate outside information, and answer both task points.