Unit 2-1: Population and Migration - AP Outline

Age Structure

Refers to the breakdown of a population into different age groups or cohorts

Aging Population

A population of a country or place that ages as the number or proportion of its elderly people increases

Agricultural Density

The number of farmers per unit of land

Antinatilist Policies

Designed to curtail population growth by reducing fertility rates

Arable Land

land suitable for cultivation

Arithmetic (Crude) density

The average number of people per unit of land area (usually per square mile or kilometer)

Carrying Capacity

The number of people a particular environment or Earth as a whole can support on a sustainable basis

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

The average number of births per 1000 people; the traditional way of measuring birth rates

Crude Death Rate (CDR)

Also known as mortality rate. The number of deaths per 1000 people in a society in a given year

Demographic Transition Model (DTM)

How crude birth rate (CBR) and crude death rate (CDR) as well as the resulting rate of natural increase (RNI) change over time as countries go through industrialization and urbanization

Dependency Ratio

The number of dependents in a population that each 100 working-age people (15-64 y.o.) must support

Doubling Time

The number of years it takes for a population to double in size (Formula is 70 divided by RNI)

Epidemiological Transition Theory

Seeks to explain how changes in health services and living standards affect patterns of disease; A model that describes changes in fertility, mortality, life expectancy, and population age distribution, largely as the result of changes in causes of death

Life Expectancy

the number of years a person can expect to live

Physiological Density

The average number of people per unit area (square mile or kilometer) of arable land

Population Pyramid

A very useful graphic device for comparing age ad sex structure

Pronatalist policies

Designed to boost fertility rates and ultimately population growth

Rate of Natural Increase (RNI)

The difference between the number of births and deaths in a given year, when expressed as a percentage of total population

Sex Ratio

The number of men to the number of women in a population

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

The average number of children born per women during her reproductive lifetime, considered to be from 15 to 49 years of age

Human Factors - Population Distribution

Culture, economics, history, and politics influence where population settle

Physical Factors - Population Distribution

Climate, landforms, and water bodies influence where population settle

Immigration Policy

Government policies that can promote or discourage population growth by increasing or decreasing migration

Mortality Rate

Number of deaths per 1000 people in a society in a given year

Population Distribution

Pattern where people live (clustered/dispersed, density, and pattern)

Scale of Analysis

Observation of data at the global, regional, national, or local scale