Untitled Flashcards Set

Women’s movement

A social movement aimed at achieving equal rights and opportunities for women.

Betty Friedan

An American feminist author and activist, best known for her book The Feminine Mystique.

The Feminine Mystique

A book by Betty Friedan that is credited with sparking the second wave of feminism in the United States.

National Organization for Women (NOW)

A feminist organization founded in 1966 that advocates for women's rights and equality.

Equal Pay Act of 1963

A U.S. law aimed at abolishing wage disparity based on sex.

Civil Rights Act of 1964

A landmark piece of U.S. legislation that outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

Title IX

A federal law that prohibits gender discrimination in education programs and activities receiving federal financial assistance.

Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)

A proposed amendment to the U.S. Constitution designed to guarantee equal legal rights for all American citizens regardless of sex.

Cesar Chavez

An American labor leader and civil rights activist who co-founded the United Farm Workers.

United Farm Workers Association

A labor union that advocates for the rights of farm workers in the United States.

Hispanic Americans

Individuals in the United States with cultural ties to Hispanic or Latin American origins.

American Indian Movement (AIM)

A grassroots organization founded in 1968 to address issues related to Native American sovereignty, treaty issues, and racism.

Indian Self-Determination Act of 1975

A law that allows Native American tribes to govern themselves and manage their own affairs.

Asian Americans

Americans of Asian ancestry who represent various cultural heritages.

Gay rights movement

A social and political movement seeking equal rights for individuals of the LGBTQ+ community.

Warren Court

The Supreme Court of the United States during the period when Earl Warren served as Chief Justice (1953-1969), known for its activism in civil rights.

Mapp v. Ohio

A landmark Supreme Court case that decided evidence obtained in violation of the Fourth Amendment cannot be used in state courts.

Gideon v. Wainwright

A Supreme Court decision that ruled that the right to counsel is fundamental to a fair trial, applied to state courts.

Escobedo v. Illinois

A Supreme Court ruling that recognized the right of defendants to have an attorney present during police interrogations.

Miranda v. Arizona

A landmark Supreme Court case that established the Miranda rights, requiring police to inform suspects of their rights.

Reapportionment

The process of redrawing electoral district boundaries to reflect changes in population.

Baker v. Carr

A Supreme Court case that decided that redistricting issues present justiciable questions, enabling federal courts to intervene.

One man, one vote

A principle that asserts that each person's vote should carry the same weight in electoral processes.

Yates v. United States

A Supreme Court case that ruled that the fish catch was not subject to federal regulation under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.

Student for a Democratic Society (SDS)

A student activist organization that was a key part of the New Left in the 1960s.

New Left

A broad political movement in the 1960s that focused on issues such as civil rights, opposition to the Vietnam War, and cultural change.

Free Speech Movement

A student-led protest movement at the University of California, Berkeley, in the 1960s emphasizing free speech and civil rights.

Democratic Convention

A series of presidential nominating conventions held by the Democratic Party in the U.S.

Yippies

Members of the Youth International Party, known for their theatrical protests against the establishment.

Weather Underground

A radical left organization that aimed to overthrow the U.S. government through direct action and violence.

Counterculture

A cultural movement that rejected the values of mainstream American society in the 1960s and 1970s.

Folk music

A genre of music that uses traditional songs and instruments to express social issues.

Rock music

A genre of popular music that evolved from rock and roll and pop music in the 1950s and 1960s.

Woodstock

A music festival held in 1969 that became a symbol of the counterculture movement.

Alfred Kinsey

A biologist and sexologist known for his research into human sexuality.

Sexual revolution

A social movement that challenged traditional codes of behavior related to sexuality and interpersonal relationships.

Rachel Carson

An environmentalist whose book Silent Spring challenged the practices of agricultural scientists and the government.

Silent Spring

A book by Rachel Carson that documented the detrimental effects of pesticides on the environment.

Paul Ehrlich

An ecologist known for his warnings about population growth and its effects on the environment.

The Population Bomb

A book by Paul Ehrlich that discussed the potential consequences of population growth.

Three Mile Island

A site of a partial nuclear meltdown in 1979 that raised public concern about nuclear power.

Earth Day

An annual event celebrating the environment and promoting environmental protection.

“Earthrise”

A famous photograph taken during the Apollo 8 mission showing Earth from space, symbolizing environmental awareness.

Wilderness Act

A law that created the legal definition of wilderness in the United States.

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

An agency of the federal government tasked with protecting human health and the environment.

Clean Air Act

A U.S. federal law designed to control air pollution on a national level.

Clean Water Act

A U.S. federal law that regulates the discharge of pollutants into the waters of the United States.

Superfund Act

A federal law designed to clean up sites contaminated with hazardous substances.

Endangered Species Act

A law aimed at protecting species that are at risk of extinction.

Emissions

The act of releasing substances into the atmosphere, often related to pollutants.

Greenhouse gases

Gases that trap heat in the atmosphere, contributing to global warming.

Climate change

Long-term changes in temperature and weather patterns, often attributed to human activity.

Antinuclear movement

A social and political movement opposing the use of nuclear power and weapons.

Richard Nixon

The 37th president of the United States, known for the Watergate scandal.

Silent majority

A term used by Nixon to refer to the Americans who did not publicly protest against the Vietnam War.

Southern strategy

A political strategy used by the Republican Party to increase its support among white voters in the South.

Watergate

A political scandal involving a break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters and the subsequent cover-up.

“Plumbers”

A covert White House Special Investigations Unit established during the Nixon administration.

Impeachment

A process by which a sitting president can be charged with misconduct and potentially removed from office.

Gerald Ford

The 38th president of the United States, known for granting Nixon a pardon.

Jimmy Carter

The 39th president of the United States, known for his emphasis on human rights and energy conservation.

Imperial presidency

A term describing a U.S. presidency that is seen as exceeding constitutional limits.

National malaise

A term used by Jimmy Carter to describe the loss of confidence in the U.S. during his presidency.

Burger Court

The Supreme Court under Chief Justice Warren Burger, known for moderate conservatism.

United States v. Nixon

A landmark Supreme Court case that affirmed the principle of executive privilege while ruling that Nixon had to release tapes.

Roe v. Wade

A landmark Supreme Court decision that legalized abortion in the United States.

Conservative Resurgence (ARC)

A political movement in the late 20th century that aimed to return the U.S. to conservative values.

Televangelists

Television preachers who use media to spread their religious messages and garner support.

Moral Majority

A political organization founded by conservative Christian leaders in the late 1970s to promote their moral agenda.

Religious fundamentalism

A movement characterized by a strict adherence to specific theological doctrines, often in reaction to modernist interpretations.

Think tanks

Research organizations that analyze and advise on public policy issues.

Reverse discrimination

Preferential treatment given to members of groups that have been discriminated against in the past.

Regents of University California v. Bakke

A Supreme Court case that upheld affirmative action but ruled against racial quotas in university admissions.

Proposition 13

A California ballot initiative that reduced property tax rates and limited property tax increases.

Arthur Laffer

An economist known for the Laffer Curve which illustrates the relationship between tax rates and tax revenue.