Prokaryotes test

Which of the following probably won’t change the bacteria that live in our gut?

All will change bacteria( Changing Diet, Water, Probiotics, Stress)

Endospore forming bacteria that you might get from a deep puncture wound(rusty nail)

Tetanus

We might use bacteria to?

Digest oil spills and waste

Farmers alternate corn and soybeans because beans have bacteria in them that add _____ to the soil:

Nitrogen

Prokaryotes are able to survive everywhere except:

They are found in all of the above( Inside rocks, Extreme heat, Salt lakes, Clouds)

Prokaryotes often found in harsh places, some perhaps like ancient earth?

Bacteria and Archaea

Most people don’t get urinary tracy infections as much as respiratory infections because?

Urine flows out only, air flows in

Which contribute to bacteria’s ability to evolve quickly? (resistance to antibiotics)

Conjugation

In a grain stain test bacteria that stain purple would be:

Gram +, easier to treat with antibiotics

In our gut we have many bacteria, such as ______ which helps us digest foods and make vitamin K:

E. Coli

Plants most likely to have new useful chemicals would be ones that(are)

Natives used, and long lived

Bacteria that are shaped in circles or called what

Cocci

What is NOT a factor that limits our ability to determine if, and exactly how, bacteria affect our moods?

That it is illegal to change your bacteria

Approximately ___ of our antibiotics are based on compounds found in nature?

3/4

It has been demonstrated that microbes can be used to make:

Alcohol(ethanol) and Diesel

Bacteria are important but they aren’t/ don’t:

Form multicellular fungi

Neurotransmitter

Chemicals used by our brains, and our bacteria, to communicate

Gangrene

Bacteria eating only dead cells, but making poison that kills living tissue

Bioprospecting

Expensive, and usually tough conditions (rain forest) so most scientists don’t do it

Chromosome

In prokaryotes there is only one, and it is in a circle

Obligate anaerobe

Have to metabolize without oxygen, and die if it is present

Combinatorial chemistry

Mixing various substances to find new medicines and other products

Probiotic

A food or pill that gives you ‘good’ bacteria

Chemoautotroph

Survive with no sunlight by using chemical reactions from deep sea volcanoes

Peptidoglycan

Found in bacteria cell walls missing in archaea - easiest way to separate them

Biologists generally find out about bacterial structure by directly observing them in action

False

Prokaryote lack nuclei, golgi bodies, vacuoles, etc but have ribosomes as they need to make proteins

True

Unlike viruses, bacteria will actually eat cells

True

We can use bacteria to produce substances like fuel, plastics , even antibiotics

True

Bacteria produce endospores to quickly take advantage of good environmental conditions

False

Cranberry juice is toxic to bacteria, killing them which prevents urinary tracy infections

False

Bacteria and Arches show the most diversity in how they get nutritions

True

In one study people recovered from an intestinal bacterial disease showed increased depression 10 years later

True

Natural compounds are usually much simpler chemicals than those produced in a lab

False

Bacteria cover almost every surface of your body

True

Fimbria

Thread like structures that enables some bacteria to stick to sugars in cells

Anthrax

Readily forms a white powder of endospores, so can be used as a weapon

DNA

In archaea this is written in a different style than bacteria (like eukaryotes)

Conjugation

Sex without reproduction, in bacteria involves passing plasmids

Plasmid

Short loop of DNA that often includes a very useful gene, like for antibiotic resistance

Flagella

In bacteria these spin like a propeller so they can swim

Placebo

Makes you THINK that you might be getting medicine, helps determine if the real medicine works

Fission

In bacteria in good conditions this division can occur as fats as every 20 minutes

Capsule

Layer outside the cell wall in some bacteria that can make them tough to kill