APUSH Key Terms Unit 6

Andrew Johnson

17th US President, after Lincoln's assassination, vetoes a bunch of reforms for AA

Atlanta Compromise

Argument put forward by Booker T. Washington that African-Americans should not focus on civil rights or social equality but concentrate on economic self-improvement.

Black Codes + Jim Crow Laws

Laws that made life difficult for AA- restricted and segregated everything

Carpetbaggers + Scalawags

Northerners that went to South for opportunity + Southerners that enforced Reconstruction

Charles Sumner

Abolitionist

The Compromise of 1877

Ended Reconstruction. Republicans promise to remove military from South in exchange for presidency

Crop Lien System + Sharecropping

Allowed farmers to get supplies from merchants, would end up in debt; farming system in which they would usually end up in debt

Enforcement Acts (KKK Acts)

Protected AA right to vote, hold office, etc. Made interfering w/ this (literacy tests, etc) illegal.

Fourteenth Amendment

All ppl born in US are citizens

FREEDMEN'S BUREAU

supposed to provided resources to newly freed AA

Ida B. Wells

AA W activist that fought against lynching

Ku Klux Klan

yt terrorist group against AA, Catholics, and sympathizers. Would lynch ppl and torture them

Plessy v. Ferguson

separate but equal

Radical Republicans

Civil rights for AA, fully implement emancipation

Redeemers

S D, wanted to rebuild 'old south'

Thaddeus Stevens

Radial Republican

Wade-Davis Bill

re-admitted confederate sts to union and proposed reconstruction

William H. Seward

Bought Alaska, Abolitionist

Chinese Exclusion Act

1882 law that prohibited the immigration of Chinese laborers

Chisholm Trail

Cattle trail, TX to Kansas. Called the Long Drive

"CONCENTRATION" POLICY

moving NA to certain places (Oklahoma) and concentrating them there.

Coolies

workers from China on US railroads and gold rush

Dawes Severalty Act

allowed gov to break up tribal lands

Frederick Jackson Turner's Thesis

US's democracy and way of life was dependent of having a fronteir

George Custer

Officer in Civil War and NA wars

Geronimo

NA military leader

Homestead Act

gov gave land for hella cheap

Little Bighorn Battle

NA battle w/ US, NA won

Rocky Mountain School, Ashcan School

painting school

Wounded Knee

US slaughtered NA tribe

American Federation of Labor (AFL) - Samuel Gompers

a national organization of labor unions founded in 1886 by Samuel Gompers

Andrew Carnegie + The Gospel of Wealth

Rich steelworks owner; Wealthy ppl should give back to the community w/ parks and stuff

Edward Bellamy, Horatio Alger, Henry James, D. W. Griffith, Jacob Riis, Kate Chopin, Stephen Crane, Theodore Dreiser, Upton Sinclair

author, author w/ rags to riches, author, filmmaker, city slums photographer, author, author, author, author: the Jungle which exposed working conditions in factories

Eugene V. Debs

Socialist who ran for president, worker's rights activist

Frederick Winslow Taylor - Taylorism (Scientific Management)

break down production into small tasks to increase efficiency

Henry Clay Frick, John D. Rockefeller, J. P. Morgan

Robber Barons: in steel industry, super rich in oil industry, railroads

Henry Ford

Captain of Industry, Ford Motors

Henry George

He wrote Progress and Poverty in 1879, which made him famous as an opponent of the evils of modern capitalism.

Homestead Strike

steelworker strike against the Carnegie Steel Company, ten workers were killed in a riot

Horizontal Integration

Buy up all the companies that make the same thing you do ex: buy all steel companies, all wheat processing plants, etc

National Labor Union + Knights of Labor, Molly Maguires, WOMEN'S TRADE UNION LEAGUE (WTUL)

national trade unions that failed- paved the way for AFL, violent coal mining union, W's trade union

Pullman Strike

RR strike for better wages and working conditions

Vertical Integration

Buy up all the factories that lead to your thing ex: you own steel. Buy up mines, RR, factories, stores. You own farm. Buy up farm, transportation, factory, store

Alice Hamilton

helped make factories safer

"CITY BEAUTIFUL" MOVEMENT

Make cities pretty: Central Park, museums, etc

National Consumers League

formed in the 1890's under the leadership of Florence Kelly, wanted to force retailers and manufacturing to improve wages and working conditions.

Tammany Hall

political machine in New York, headed by Boss Tweed

William M. "Boss" Tweed

boss of the political machine Tammany Hall

Yellow Journalism

exaggerated news stories

Boxer Rebellion

A 1900 revolt in China, aimed at ending foreign influence in the country

Emilio Aguinaldo

Leader of the Filipino independence movement against Spain .

Foraker Act

made Puerto Rico a territory, but ppl not US citizens

"FREE SILVER"

make silver a backing of US dollar like gold b/c gold shortage

Half-Breeds + Stalwarts

civil service reforms vs political machines

Interstate Commerce Act

regulated RR industry

Jacob Coxey - Coxey's Army

Marched on DC to ask gov ti make more jobs

Mary E. Lease

w's rights, communist, writer, populist

China's Open Door Policy

allow all countries to trade equally with china

Panic of 1893

depressio b/c RR companies went bankrupt

Pendleton Act

made gov give jobs to ppl who were qualified and not b/c political afilliation

Platt Amendment

gave US right to intervene in cuba

Populism

support for the concerns of ordinary people

Sherman Antitrust Act

against the formation of trusts/monopolies

Grange

an association formed by farmers in the last 1800s to make life better for farmers by sharing information about crops, prices, and supplies

William Jennings Bryan

Cross of Gold Speech, advocated for Free Silver

William McKinley

25th president responsible for Spanish-American War, Philippine-American War, and the Annexation of Hawaii, imperialism. Is assassinated by an anarchist

Hamilton Fish- Treaty of Washington

Settled US-Canada border

Political Machines/Bosses

Corrupt organized groups that controlled political parties in the cities. A boss leads the machine and attempts to grab more votes for his party.

robber barons + captain of industry

RB: Corrupt businessman/politician, CoI: used $ to help people