Endocrine glands

Endocrine system

Consists of ductless glands that secretes hormones into the bloodstream to regulate various bodily functions

Exocrine glands

Have ducts and do not secrete hormones (sweat and salivary glands)have a slow but long lasting effect on the body

Pituitary gland

Located at the base of the brain

Controlled by hypothalamus

Has two lobes

Anterior lobe (pituitary gland)

Produces hormones that regulate growth, metabolism, and reproduction

Posterior lobe (pituitary gland)

Stores and releases hormones made by the hypothalamus

Hypothalamus

Located above the pituitary gland

Releases and inhibits hormones to regulate the pituitary gland

Thyroid gland

Located in neck

Produces T3, T4, for metabolism regulation, and calcium levels

Parathyroid glands

Located behind the thyroid gland

Secretes parathyroid hormone, which rises blood calcium levels

Adrenal glands

Located on top of the kidneys

Cortex that produces mineraloctiods , glucocorticoids, and gonadocricoids

Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)

Regulate electrolytes

Glucocorticoids (cortisol)

Regulate metabolism and stress response

Gonadocorticoid (sex hormone)

Supplement gonadal hormones

Medulla

Produces epinephrine and norepinephrine, which enhances the sympathetic nervous system (fight or flight response)

Pancreas

mixed gland endocrine and exocrine)

Endocrine portion (pancreatic islets) secretes

Insulin

Glucagon

Insulin

Lowers blood sugar

Glucagon

Raises blood sugar

Gonads

Testes and ovaries

Testes (males)

Produces testosterone, responsible for male reproductive development and characteristics

Ovaries (females)

Produce estrogen and progesterone, which regulate female reproductive cycles and pregnancy

Pineal gland

Located in the brain

Produces melatonin, which regulates sleep wake cycles

Hormones

Chemical messengers that speed up or slow dish cellular processes in target tissue

Target cells

Specific cells, tissues, or organs that respond to hormones

Endocrine vs nervous system

Endocrine regulates processes slowly but with long lasting effects, while the nervous system provides rapid but short term control