sadness

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Psychology

20 Terms

1

What are the basic emotions identified in psychology?

Fear, Anxiety, Sadness, Anger, Disgust, Happiness.

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2

What typically characterizes a sad facial expression according to Darwin?

Drooping eyelids, inward-slanting eyebrows, and a downcast appearance.

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3

What is the first definition component of sadness?

Appraisal of loss or failure of something valued.

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4

How does sadness differ from mild to severe in intensity and duration?

Sadness can last seconds to a lifetime depending on the significance of the loss.

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5

What physiological changes are associated with sadness?

Slowed circulation, pale face, relaxed muscles, head tilted forward.

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6

What is one function of sadness in terms of personal reflection?

To create a 'time out' period for updating cognitive frameworks after loss.

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7

What interpersonal function can sadness serve?

It can lead to emotional and practical demands on others, strengthening social bonds.

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8

Define the appraisal component related to sadness.

Loss or failure (actual or possible) of a valued role or goal.

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9

What do appraisal theories suggest about the origin of sadness?

Sadness arises from the loss of a loved one, failure, or loss of respect from someone important.

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10

According to dimensional appraisal theories, what dimension is sadness associated with?

High unpleasantness and low levels of responsibility and control.

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11

What did Smith and Ellsworth find about sadness in their research?

Sadness was distinguished by situational control and perceived lack of responsibility.

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12

What are the four criteria for a basic emotion according to the lecture?

Universal experience, component changes, early expression, unique patterns of change.

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13

What evolutionary role does sadness serve according to Darwin?

Sadness indicates a problem needing resolution and reinforces identity development.

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14

How can sadness be linked to feelings of depression?

Persistent sadness is often linked to feelings of depression and helplessness.

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15

What does the term 'self-focused sadness' refer to?

A state where an individual reviews priorities influenced by experienced loss.

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16

What emotional states can sadness be associated with according to Lazarus?

Anger, anxiety, guilt, envy, or hope.

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17

What artistic representation is used to portray grief in the lecture?

At Eternity’s Gate (1890) by Vincent van Gogh.

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18

What psychological impact does stoicism have in the face of sadness?

It can increase the risk of post-traumatic stress symptomatology in extreme disasters.

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19

How did sadness serve in the context of social interactions?

It can elicit sympathy and altruism from others.

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20

What does the SADNESS module feedback loop suggest?

Activation of the SADNESS module can be maintained through associative memories and thoughts.

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