western civ- exam 3

What was the most immediate cause of the French Revolution?

government's failure to resolve its debts and other economic problems

Where did many of the ideas within the Declaration of the Rights of Man come from?

- owed much to the ideas of the American Declaration of Independence

- This charter of basic liberties reflected the ideas of the major philosophes of the French Enlightenment and American Declaration of Independence and American state constitutions

The French economy of the 18th century was

a. Growing due to an expansion of foreign trade and industrial production

b. Stagnant due to foreign competition in industry and trade

c. Declining rapidly due to overuse of arable land

d. Based entirely upon agricultural production

a. Growing due to an expansion of foreign trade and industrial production

What occurred as a result of voting by order (rank) rather than voting person for person?

The third estate formed a national assembly

What was the Declaration of the Rights of Man?

- Declared to affirm the destruction of aristocratic privileges by proclaiming an end to exemptions from taxation, freedom and equal rights for all men and access to public office based on talent

- owed much to the ideas of the American Declaration of Independence

Which phase of the Revolution included an attack on the Church, new laws on marriage and divorce ,and the adoption of a revolutionary calendar?

The republic of virtue

How was the National Assembly's plan for a constitutional monarchy undermined?

Attempted flight of the royal family

What best explains Napoleon's quick rise to power?

Series of stunning victories over the enemies of France

What British possession did Napoleon attack in order to defeat the British in 1798?

Egypt

Which is not true of the French Revolution?

a. Both Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette were executed

b. The National Convention proclaimed an end to the monarchy

c. The National Convention proclaimed a new French Republic

d. The Jacobins opposed the execution of the king.

d. The Jacobins opposed the execution of the king.

What did Napoleon attempt to do by implementing the Continental System?

Insolate Britain economically

What are three factors that contributed to the defeat of Napoleon's army?

the disastrous invasion of Russia, the prolonged Peninsular War in Spain, and the decisive final loss at the Battle of Waterloo

What is true about the Civil Constitution of the Clergy?

Placed the catholic church in France under government control

What did the Congress of Vienna establish concerning the lands that are now called "Germany"?

A new organization of German state; the German confederation

The Troppau Protocol, which was signed by Russia, Prussia, and Austria, called upon the signatories to aid one another in:

Suppressing revolution

What was the main purpose of the Congress of Vienna?

To bring democracy to European countries

Why was France not treated harshly at the Congress of Vienna?

They didn't want to leave France powerless because they might take revenge

What was the meaning of the "policy of legitmacy" that Austria's Metternich pursued at the Congress of Vienna.

Wishing to restore legitimate monarchs on their thrones, preserving traditional institutions and values

How did Marx interpret history?

That it was shaped by economics

What ideals are consistent with political and economic conservatism?

ideals that favor tradition, individual liberty, limited government intervention, and free-market enterprise

How was the Romantic movement (era) interpreted?

Reaction against the enlightenment's preoccupation with reason

What did late nineteenth European nationalism lead to?

The emergence of nation-states

What is a major explanation for why the Industrial Revolution began in Britain?

considerable money was available for investment

Britain's cotton industry in the late eighteenth century

a. Could not keep up with French textile production

b. Was inspired by the textile industry found in the US

c. Declined due to the lack of technical innovation

d. Was responsible for the creation of the first modern factories

d. Was responsible for the creation of the first modern factories

What accounts for the 19th century population explosion in Europe?

was largely attributable to the disappearance of famine from western Europe.

What caused/triggered the invention of the steam engine in Britain?

Problems in the mining industry

Britain's success from the steam engine made them dependent upon:

coal

Why would Marx not have expected a communist revolution to occur in Russia in 1917?

his theory predicted such an event would occur in highly industrialized capitalist nations with a large urban proletariat

What are three facts about the 1848 revolutions?

Didn't establish a national system of trade unions by 1847 // louis fled

Why was the Greek revolt successful?

European intervention

What was the result of the French revolt of 1848?

A new French empire under Louis Napoleon

How did Russian society change under the leadership of Nicholas I after the death of Alexander in 1825?

became a police state characterized by severe political repression, heightened censorship, and a rigid adherence to the principles of "Orthodoxy, Autocracy, and Nationality"

Which problem was common to both Italy and Germany in the latter half of the 19th c?

Unification

What did the Ausgleich create?

Established the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary

Was was an obstacle to German unification between 1815 and 1860?

The rivalry between Prussia and Austria

What caused the start of the Crimean War?

Russia's right to protect Christian shrines in Palestine ( and want to expand influence over Ottomans)

What was a result of Bismarck's Austro-Prussian War?

The exclusion of Austria from the North German Confederation

What does the term Kulturkampf refer to?

Culture conflict, the name given to Bismarck's attack on the Catholic Church in Germany; has come to refer to conflict between church and state anywhere

In Russia

a. Alexander III was far more liberal than his father Alexander II

b. Vladimir Lenin emerged as the leader of a communist faction known as the Mensheviks

c. Loss of the Russo-Japanese War led to the failed Revolution of 1905

d. Grigori Rasputin carried out a wide-ranging program of ecclesiastical and political reform

c. Loss of the Russo-Japanese War led to the failed Revolution of 1905

What did the Boulanger Crisis in France result in?

Rallying French citizens to the cause of the Republic

Under the chancellorship of Bismarck, Germany

a. Realized the growth of a real democracy through universal male suffrage

b. Passed social welfare legislation to woo workers away from the Social Democrats

c. Engaged in the Kulturkampf or crusade to make Catholicism Germany's national religion

d. Maintained a military second only to that of France

b. Passed social welfare legislation to woo workers away from the Social Democrats

What event caused renewed anti-Semitism in France?

Dreyfus affair

What belief does the phrase "White Man's Burden" promote?

That it was western Europe's responsibility to share its superior culture with inferior nations

What was new about "New Imperialism"?

reflected ongoing rivalry among the great powers, economic desire for new resources

What is true of the First Boer War?

Increased British prestige in Europe

What did imperialist nations look for in a colony?

Undeveloped natural resources

What was the major purpose of the Reign of Terror during the French Revolution?

Protect the new French Republic from its enemies and satisfy the demands by the sans-culottes for immediate action against those enemies

The former anti-Napoleonic Allies went to war During the Congress of Vienna over what issue?

A proposed Russian protectorate in Poland; piedmont's annexation of Sardinia

What is true of Edmund Burke?

He opposed the French Revolution

All of the following are true of the unification of Italy except

a. Cavour provoked Austria by encouraging dissidents and harboring deserters.

b. The Hapsburg states in northern Italy threw their support behind Piedmont-Sardinia.

c. In accordance with the secret agreement at Plombieres, Napoleon III single-handedly defeated the Austrians.

d. Giuseppe Garibaldi led the republican Red Shirts in conquering Sicily and Naples and then stepped aside to allow the union of northern and southern Italy.

c. In accordance with the secret agreement at Plombieres, Napoleon III single-handedly defeated the Austrians.