Unit 5: Vaginal Cytology And Semen Evaluation (Cram)

With the exception of red and white blood cells, the cells seen on vaginal smears are all what classification of cell?

Epithelial cells

Name these types of vaginal epithelial cells

A – Parabasal cell
B – Intermediate cell
C – Superficial cell

Which vaginal epithelial cell is seen only in estrus?

Superficial cells

Which vaginal epithelial cell is seen in diestrus, anestrus and early proestrus?

Parabasal cells

Which vaginal epithelial cell is seen in all stages except estrus?

Intermediate cells

Which vaginal epithelial cell can sometimes appear in strings/sheets?

Superficial cells

What stage of estrus is this dog in? What two factors let you know?

Anestrus

1. Intermediate and parabasal cells
2. Few RBC's

What stage of estrus is this dog in? What two factors let you know?

Proestrus

1. Intermediate and superficial cells
2. More RBC's

What behaviour can clue you in to your dog being in proestrus?

Female attracts males, but is not receptive

What stage of estrus is this dog in? What factor lets you know?

Estrus

1. Superficial cells

Which three stages of estrus are neutrophils present, and to what extent are they present?

1. Proestrus – Increased in early proestrus

2. Diestrus – Few to none

3. Anestrus – Few to none

Label A, B, and C on this diagram of a sperm cell

A – Head
B – Midpiece
C – Tail

What are the two principles (reasons) for semen testing?

1. Before A.I
2. Assess potential fertility

What are the three ways to collect semen?

1. Artificial vagina
2. Digital manipulation
3. Electroejaculation

Which method of semen collection is this?

Artificial vagina

Which method of semen collection is this?

Digital manipulation

Which method of semen collection is this device used for?

Electroejaculation

Fill in the blank: Using electroejaculation produces a ______ [larger / smaller] volume of semen and ______ [more / less] sperm.

larger, less

What are the two things that can negatively effect semen evaluation due to handling?

1. Exposure to toxic chemicals
2. Thermal stress

Fill in the blank: You should evaluate semen between ___ to ___ hours after collection.

1, 2

What two things would you need to add to a vial of semen to extend its life?

1. Glucose (energy source)
2. Yolk (buffer to maintain pH, and protein)

What three things are being tested in a semen analysis?

1. Sperm concentration and total sperm
2. Sperm motility
3. Sperm morphology

What kind of motility is desired?

Progressive motility. Non–motile or non–progressively motile sperm are an indicator of poor fertility

How are defects in sperm catagorized?

By where they occur. On the head, midpiece, or tail

What type of assay is a vaginal cytology?

Endocrine