History Midterm

Federalists

Political party led by Alex Ham

Believed in strong central gov, loose interpretation of the constitution, and an industrial economy

Democratic Republicans

Political party led by Thomas Jefferson

Believed in stronger state gov/weak national gov, strict interpretation of the constitution, and an agricultural economy

Thomas Jefferson

Leader of the Dem-Rep party

First secretary of state

3rd president of the US

Signed the Louisiana Purchase and was really into expansion

John Adams

A federalist

2nd president of the US

Known for changing up the judicial system/SCOTUS

Alexander Hamilton

leader of the federalists

first secretary of treasury

came up with the national bank/debt plan

James Madison

Father of the Constitution

4th president (sec of state under tom jeff)

pres during war of 1812

Henry Clay

Known as the “Great Compromiser”

Also a War Hawk

Speaker of the HOR

Founded the Whig Party

Made the Compromise of 1850 and the Tariff compromise

Andrew Jackson

7th pres of the US

fought in the war of 1812, represented populism

responsible for Indian removal

responsible for removing the national bank and in turn causing the panic of 1837

John Quincy Adams

6th pres of the US

was an outspoken abolitionist and skilled diplomat

went against Jackson in the 1824 election

John C. Calhoun

War Hawk

Senator from SC

devised nullification theory

VP under Jackson

outspoken advocate for the south and expansion of slavery

Martin van Buren

8th pres of the US

had to deal with the Panic of 1837

wasn’t very popular

Frederick Douglass

Outspoken abolitionist

escaped from slavery and became a free man in the north

liked to take pictures of himself

Great Compromise

Compromise the decided how states would be represented in Congress

3/5 Compromise

Compromise that decided 5 black/enslaved people would count as 3 white people when counting population and determining representation

Checks and Balances

System in which no branch of gov is more powerful and they all can control each other

Sectionalism

Putting the interests of a state/region above the interests of the whole nation

Nationalism

Putting the interests of the whole country above those of specific states/regions

Neutrality

the state of not supporting either side in a war

Washington declared neutrality during the French revolution

Judicial review

SCOTUS’ power to declare acts of Congress unconstitutional

American System

Plan to unite the nation

1) Improve transportation (build roads, canals, etc)

2) Bring back the national bank

3) Enact protective tariffs

Industrial revolution

When technological advancements led to factories and mass production

Tariff

A tax that makes importad and local goods the same price

Mass Production

When goods are produced in large quantities

Interchangeable Parts

The attractive quality of Eli Whitney’s musket

Cotton Gin

Machine that seperated the seeds from the cotton and made cotton production much faster/labor intensive

Led to expansion of slavery

National Road

Road that linked Virginia to the west

Bank of the US

National bank established by Hamilton

Corrupt Bargin

What Jackson called the election of 1824 when JQA won with the support of Henry Clay

Annexation

To add; to make a state

Populism

The belief that power in the gov should be given to regular people instead of the rich elites

Spoils System

Term for replacing current gov workers with supporters

Nullification Theory

Made up by John C. Calhoun

The idea that the Constitution was made by 13 individual states and each state had the right to nullify, or ignore/cancel federal law if they didn’t like it and that they could secede if the gov wouldn’t let them

Pet Banks

After the nat bank was shut down money went into these banks

They were loyal to Jackson

Whig Party

Esablished by Henry Clay, Daniel Webster, etc

Offshoot of Dem Party

People who disagreed with Jackson, specifically on issues like the national bank

Manifest Destiny

The belief that it was America’s God-given right/obvious destiny to expand west from Atlantic to Pacific

Gold Rush

When everyone went to Cali to get rich from gold

Increased Cali’s population and diversity

49ers

People who came to Calin in 1849 for the gold rush

54’40 or fight

Polk’s slogan regarding the territorial lines for the Oregon Territory

Popular Sovereignty

The idea that the residents of NM and UT could decided whether they wanted slavery or not

Wilmot Proviso

A clause that stated that there would be no slavery in the new territories acquired by the Mexican war

Aboltion

The fight to end slavery

Gag rule

Rule passed in congress that matters of slavery’s expansion/abolition would not be discussed

Fugitive Slave Act

Law that said that people in the northern states had to return runaway slaves

Marbury v. Madison

SCOTUS case that established the principle of Judicial Review

Compromise of 1850

Devised by Henry Clay, Passed with the help of Stephen Douglas

1) Cali is a free state

2) Strengthens the Fugitive Slave ACt

3) Removed the slave market from DC

4) TX gets money for debts and border issues are resolved

5) UT and NM use popular sovereignty to decided whether they are a free or slave state

Missouri Compromise

Compromise that decided that any state under MO (36’30 line) is a slave state

Led to the split of MA into ME and MA

XYZ affair

When the US was disrespected by France and started a little war between them (3 low level diplomats were asking for bribes)

Alien and Sedition Acts

Acts that made it harder for immigrants to become citizens and restricted free speech

Indian Removal Act of 1830

Act the removed all natives to lands west of the Mississippi river

Tariff of 1828

AKA the tariff of abominations

Made the south mad that they were paying for the growth of the north

Caused SC to threaten secession

Factory system

System where people worked in factories