Bio Unit 1

Is water polar?

Yes

What type of bond does water have within itself?

Hydrogen

What type of bond joins multiple water molecules? 

Polar covalent bonds

Cohesion

Attraction of molecules for other molecules of the same kind

What force is responsible for surface tension?

Cohesive forces

What is adhesion?

Attraction of molecules of one kind to stick to molecules of another kind

What property allows capillary action?

Adhesion

What is an ion?

An atom or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons, resulting in a net electrical charge

What is an ionic bond?

• bond formed through the transfer of electrons from one atom to another

• attraction between positively and negatively charged ions

What is a covalent bond?

• two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons

• stable balance of attractive and repulsive forces

What is a molecule?

• two or more atoms bonded together

• smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound.

Evaporative cooling

• reduction of temperature through the evaporation of a liquid.

• occurs when the higher-energy molecules escape as vapor

Hydrogen bond

• a weak attraction between a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to an electronegative atom and another electronegative atom

• important for the properties of water and the structure of proteins

Amino acid

• building blocks of proteins

• amino group, a carboxyl group, and a side chain

• link together via peptide bonds to form proteins

Dipeptide

• a molecule formed from two amino acids joined by a peptide bond

Fatty acid

• a long hydrocarbon chain with a carboxylic acid group at one end

• component of lipids and can be saturated or unsaturated

Glucose

• a simple sugar and primary energy source for cells

• consisting of six carbon atoms, twelve hydrogen atoms, and six oxygen atoms

• carb

Lipid

• fats, oils, and phospholipids

• energy storage and structural functions in cell membranes

• Hydrophobic

Monosaccharide

• simple sugar

• building block for carbohydrate

• energy source

Nitrogenous base

• building blocks of nucleic acids like DNA and RNA

  • adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil

Peptide bond

• a covalent bond linking amino acids in a protein

Phospholipids

• cell membranes

  • two fatty acids and a phosphate group attached to a glycerol backbone

Polysaccharide

• carbohydrates made of long chains of monosaccharides,

• energy storage and structure in cells

Elements in nucleic acids

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorous

Elements in proteins

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

Elements in carbohydrates

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Elements in amino acids

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur