HP Orthopedic Surgery Exams MASTERY : Clinical Cases, Diagnostic Imaging & Surgical Interventions with Expert-Verified Solutions (Latest Updates)

describe Apley scratch test

patient to touch opposite scapula

describe Straight-leg raise

passively flex the pt's leg at the hip; pain with flexion at <60 degrees is positive.

Straight-leg raise assessing for

sciatica

describe Faber test

Flexion, Abduction, external rotation Stabilize opposite hip, apply light pressure to knee of leg being examined.

describe Ober’s test

With pt. lying on side lower leg is flexed at the hip and knee for stability. The examiner places one hand on the hip to stabilize and holds the knee with the other hand, supporting the lower leg with their forearm, passively extends the hip then lower knee toward the floor (adduct).

describe Knee ballottement

Compress suprapatellar pouch and push the patella against the femur

Knee ballottement assessing for

effusion

describe Patellar grind

With knee extended and pt supine, Place webspace of your thumb over the superior border of patella. Have the pt contract their quad.

patellar grind assessment for

PF OA

describe Knee Varus Stress

(25 degrees) With pts knee slightly flexed, one hand against medial knee and other around lateral ankle, push laterally at the knee and pull medially at the ankle.

Knee Varus Stress assessing for

LCL

describe Knee valgus Stress

(25 degrees) With pt's knee slightly flexed, one hand on lateral knee and one on medial ankle, push medially at the knee and pull laterally at the ankle.

Knee valgus Stress assessing for

MCL

describe Anterior drawer

Pt supine, hips and knees flexed (90 degrees), stabilize foot of leg being tested (can sit on foot) pull tibia anterior

Anterior drawer assessing for

ACL

describe posterior drawer

opposite, push tibia posterior

posterior drawer assessing for

PCL

describe Lachman test

Slightly flex knee, encourage pt to relax hamstrings, grasp femur with one hand to stabilize, and with the other hand grasp behind proximal tibia, pull tibia anteriorly.

Lachman test assessing for

ACL

Describe Talar Tilt Test

Stabilize the ankle with one hand, grasp the heel with the other, and invert/evert the foot by turning the heel inward then outward

Describe Thompson Test

Pt prone with foot and ankles extended off the exam table, squeeze calf and look for foot to plantar flex

describe Crossover test

adduction of patient's arm (tell them to touch their other shoulder)

describe Painful arc test

0-180 adduction of arm

describe Speeds test

Pt's arm supinated and shoulder flexed forward ; Resist downward pressure

describe Yergason’s test

elbow 90 degrees, adducted, pronate/supinate the patient's hand

describe Neer’s sign

Examiner presses on scapula to prevent motion with one hand, and raise pt's arm, elbow extended hand pronated, with the other

describe Hawkin’s test

Elbow and shoulder flexed to 90 degrees with palm down. With one hand on the forearm and one on the arm, rotate the arm internally

describe Drop arm test

Ask the pt to fully abduct the arm to shoulder level or 90 degrees, and lower it slowly

describe Jobe’s (Empty can) test

Elevate the arms to 90 degrees and internally rotate with thumbs pointing down, ask the pt to resist downward pressure on the arms

describe Cozen’s test

Pt with forearm pronated, make a fist, full wrist flexion/ radially deviate and ask pt to extend wrist while you resist

describe Tinel’s Test

tap over transverse carpal ligament

describe Phalen’s Test

press the backs of the hands together, fingers pointing down, hold 30-60 seconds

describe Finkelstein’s test

have pt make a fist with fingers over the thumb and ulnarly deviate

Apley scratch test assessing for

RC disorder or adhesive capsulitis

Crossover test assessing for

AC joint tenderness

Painful arc test assessing for

pain 60-120 degrees positive for subacromial impingement/RC tendonitis

Speeds test assessing for

bicipital tendonitis

Yergason’s test assessing for

bicipital tendonitis

Neer’s sign assessing for

subacromial impingement/RC tendinits

Hawkin’s test assessing for

supraspinatus impingement/RC tendinitis

Drop arm test assessing for

RC tear

Jobe’s (Empty can) test assessing for

supraspinatus RC tear

Cozen’s test assessing for

test for pain to the lateral or medial epicondyl consistent with tennis or golf elbow

Tinel’s Test assessing for

medial nerve pain

Phalen’s Test assessing for

median nerve pain

Finkelstein’s test assessing for

wrist tendonitis