Chapter 3: Creating New Social Orders - Colonial Societies (Spanish Exploration and Colonial Society)

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms and concepts from the notes on Spanish exploration, missions, Santa Fe, Pueblo Revolt, English and French colonization, and Dutch colonization in North America.

St. Augustine, Florida

Founded by Spanish explorers in 1565; oldest continuously occupied European settlement in the continental United States; served as a base for defense and mission activity.

Castillo de San Marcos

Massive masonry fort begun in 1672 to defend St. Augustine against potential attacks.

Spanish Missions in Florida and Georgia

A network of about 72 missions (1565–1709) aimed at converting Indigenous peoples and incorporating them into the colonial political–economic system; many were destroyed 1702–1709.

Santa Fe de Nuevo México

Established as a province of New Spain in 1598; Santa Fe founded in 1610 and is the oldest state capital; aimed at assimilation and control; introduced European livestock, crops, and small-scale industry.

Pueblo Revolt (1680)

Indigenous uprising led by Po’pay against Spanish rule; killed 400 Spaniards and drove 2,000 settlers from the province; led to a large transfer of horses to Native Americans.

Jamestown

First permanent English settlement in North America, established in 1607.

Powhatan Indians

Confederacy of Indigenous peoples around the Chesapeake region; interactions and conflicts with Jamestown.

Anglo-Powhatan Wars

Series of conflicts between English colonists and the Powhatan Confederacy, roughly 1609–1645.

Puritans

Religious group seeking reform of the Church of England; established settlements in New England and governance patterns there.

Mayflower Compact

1620 agreement aboard the Mayflower creating a civil self-government framework for the Pilgrims.

Plymouth Colony

Settlement founded by Pilgrims in 1620 in present-day Massachusetts.

King Philip's War (Metacom's War)

1675–1676 conflict led by Metacom (King Philip) between New England colonists and Native American tribes; devastating for both sides.

Bacon's Rebellion

1676 uprising in Virginia led by Nathaniel Bacon against Governor Berkeley; highlighted frontier defense and governance tensions.

Jacques Cartier

French explorer who navigated the St. Lawrence River in 1534–1535 in search of the Northwest Passage; laid early groundwork for French claims in Canada.

Jesuits in New France

Catholic missionaries who came to convert Indigenous peoples as part of France's colonial efforts.

Dutch East India Company (VOC)

Chartered company founded in 1602 that sponsored Dutch exploration and the fur trade in New Netherland; introduced slavery in 1625.

Fort Nassau

First Dutch settlement near present-day Albany, established about 1615 as part of New Netherland.

New Amsterdam

Capital of New Netherland; surrendered to the English in 1664 and renamed New York.

Patroonships

Dutch land-grant system where patroons who brought 50 settlers received large estates and exclusive riverfront rights (about 16 miles) to promote settlement.

Northwest Passage

Sought-after sea route through or around North America to Asia; pursued by Cartier and Hudson as part of European exploration.