The Age of Jackson & Westward Expansion

How did democracy expand?

Mainly through suffrage.

Alexis de Tocqueville

• Wrote Democracy in America

• Observed the life in the U.S.

Who ran for president in election of 1824?

• JQA

• Henry Clay

• Andrew Jackson

• William H. Crawford

Who won the election of 1824?

JQA won

The “corrupt bargain”.

When Henry Clay convinced the House of Reps to vote for JQA and then JQA permitted Clay as his Sec. of State.

JQA’s goals

• Internal Improvements

• Unifying the country

Whig Beliefs

• Fed gov’t funding for projects

• Overseeing banks

• High tariffs

Democrat Beliefs

• More power for ordinary white men

• No tariffs

• Limited fed gov’t role

Spoils System

Giving ordinary white men seats in the gov’t.

Why did ppl call Jackson “King Andrew”?

He was pretty and reckless and petty with his decisions and abused his power in office.

Nullification

To get rid of/to reject

What state initiated the nullification?

South Carolina

What law did SC want to nullify?

Tariff of Abomination

The VP? What did he do in response to the nullification?

• John C. Calhoun

• Because he supported the South, he resigned

National Bank President

Nicholas Biddle

What did Clay & Webster want Bank pres. to do and why?

They wanted Biddle to renew the BUS so that when Jackso vetoed it, the people would think less of him.

What power did Jackson use in dealing with the Bank

He vetoed it

Reasons Jackson wanted to relocate the American Indians

• Thought it would keep them “safe”

• Make room for the whites

What was the Worcester vs Georgia decision?

Congress sided with Worcester, saying the American Indians had a right to their land

What was Jackson’s response to Supreme Court decision?

Jackson refused to enforce the Supreme Court’s decision

What is the Trail of Tears?

The trail the American Indians took as they were forced out of their land

Why were internal improvements necessary?

It made travel/trade easier across mountains (East/West)

National Road

The 1st road built w/ funds approved by Congress

Where was the National Rd?

Cumberland, MD - Wheeling, VA (later Ilinois)

Significance of National Rd

It connected east to west and was an easier way to travel

The Erie Canal

A man-made waterway

Where was the Erie Canal?

NY state (connected Great Lakes - Hudson River)

Why canals?

Helped more large quantities of goods/farms

Significance of Erie Canal

It helped businesses grow/cheaper products

2 reasons settlers mved west

• Farm Land

• Fur trade

2 main countries that shared Oregon Country

• U.S.

• Great Britain

Mountain men

Fur traders who guided settlers to the West

Path many took to get to the west

The Oregon Trail

Tx was part of which empire?

The Spanish Empire

Stephen F. Austin

Settled 300 American families in Tx

Tx wanted independence from _________ bc it banned ________.

Mexico; slavery

Leader of Mexico/Mexican army

Santa Anna

Final 18 minute battle that gave Tx independence

Battle of San Jacinto

1st president of Republic of Tx

Sam Houston

Reasons against American annexation of Tx

• Would add more power to slave states

• Anger Mexico

Year Tx became a state

1845

California settled using...

missions

Priest who settled missions

Fr. Junipero Serra

Major industry in early CA history

Cattle ranching

New Mexico Territory settled by ppl traveled on ______________

Santa Fe Trail

Manifest Destiny

The belief that the U.S. could expand

Pres. who promoted Manifest Destiny

James K. Polk

U.S.-Mexican war started bc

A border dispute

U.S. advantages

• Well-trained army

• Bette leader

• Better tech

Treaty that ended war

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Mexican Cession

Land: CA, NV, AZ, UT, NM, etc

Gadsden Purchase

Land bought by U.S. in Southern AZ & NM (completed Manifest Destiny)

Who were the Mormons?

Largest group to settle in Mexican Cession

Where did the Mormons settle?

Salt Lake City, Utah

Gold in CA was discovered at…

Sutter’s Mill (Near Sacramento)

Gold rush occurred in…

1849

Significance of Gold Rush

Brought more ppl to settle in CA