Neurodevelopmental disorders

What is affected in neurodevelopmental disorders

Group of related conditions in which the growth and developmental of the brain is affected

What is included in neurodevelopmental disorders

Developmental abnormalities with language, emotion regulation, memory, learning, and behavioral impulsivity

When are neurodevelopmental disorders diagnosable

• Disorders are diagnosable in early childhood to adolescence

• These disorders are persistent throughout life

Attention deficit or hyperactivity disorder

• Chronic condition of persistent lack of focus and concentration that is inconsistent with the child's appropriate age level

• Easily distracted by external stimuli and internal thoughts

• Prone to cycles of hyperactivity and impulsivity

• Poor executive functioning

• Inability to complete tasks (Starters not finishers)

Persistent motor or vocal tic disorder

• There are tics

• Chronic display of 1 or more motor tics OR chronic display of 1 or more vocal tics

• Motor tics and vocal tics can’t be simultaneous for diagnosis

• 3% of the population

Tics

Compulsive, receptive vocalizations or body movements

Tourette’s disorder

• Chronic display of both motor AND vocal tics for at least a year

• 1% of the population

Autistic spectrum disorder

• Broad spectrum of related cognitive disorders

• Dysfunctional abnormalities of social interaction, communication, and sensorimotor processing

• Contain a diverse range of symptom and severity

5 types of autistic spectrum disorder that were combined together to become 1 whole big spectrum

• Autistic disorder

• Asperger syndrome

• Pervasive developmental disorder

• Rett syndrome

• Childhood disintegrative disorder

Primary symptoms of autistic spectrum disorder

• Dysfunctional social interaction language

• ⅓ do not develop speech for social communication

• Disengaged social relationships

• Difficulty understanding and responding to social cues

• Often lacks empathy to understand emotions of others

General symptoms of autistic spectrum disorder

• Excessively mechanical

• Ritualistic tendency to arrange and organize objects

• Maladaptive to change from routine

• Repetitive behaviors

• Obsessive thoughts and emotions

• Prone to bouts of frustration, irritability, emotional outbursts

Suspected causes and correlative factors of autistic spectrum disorder

• Genetic mutations during prenatal development

• Prenatal and neonatal teratogens

• Advanced maternal and paternal age

• Abnormalities with fusiform gyrus and Inferior gyrus