Unit 1- Entrance exam, species concept

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14 Terms

1

What is the biological species concept?

It defines a species as a group of organisms that can potentially interbreed to produce viable, fertile offspring.

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2

What is required for organisms to be considered a single species in the biological species concept?

A group of organisms must produce healthy, fertile offspring when they interbreed.

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3

Why are horses and donkeys considered separate species?

Because they produce hybrid offspring (mules) that are infertile.

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4

What is a common reason why different species cannot successfully interbreed?

Reproductive isolation mechanisms.

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5

What are the two categories of reproductive isolation mechanisms?

Prezygotic barriers and postzygotic barriers.

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6

What is an example of a prezygotic barrier?

Habitat isolation, temporal isolation, behavioral isolation, gametic isolation, or mechanical isolation.

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7

What do postzygotic barriers do?

They prevent hybrid zygotes from developing into healthy, fertile adults.

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8

What is speciation?

The process by which an ancestral species splits into two or more descendant species that can no longer interbreed.

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9

What is allopatric speciation?

Speciation that occurs due to geographic separation of populations from a parent species.

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10

What leads to genetic divergence in allopatric speciation?

Natural selection and other evolutionary forces such as genetic drift.

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11

What is sympatric speciation?

Speciation that occurs within a parent species that remains in one location.

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12

What role does reproductive isolation play in speciation?

It prevents gene flow between newly formed populations, allowing them to evolve into distinct species.

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13

How does Darwin's model of speciation describe the process?

As a branching event representing the divergence of species from a common ancestor.

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14

What happens to populations when reproductive barriers become strong?

They will continue to evolve separately and be considered separate species, even if geographical barriers are removed.

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