Unit 5B AP Psychology

General Intelligence (g)

A single general factor that underlies various cognitive abilities.

Grit

Perseverance and passion for long-term goals.

Fixed Mindset

Belief that intelligence is static and unchangeable.

Growth Mindset

Belief that intelligence can be developed through effort and learning.

Emotional Intelligence

Ability to understand and manage one's own emotions and the emotions of others.

Intelligence Test

Assessment designed to measure intellectual capabilities.

Achievement Test

Test that measures knowledge and skills in specific subjects.

Aptitude Test

Assessment intended to measure potential or ability to learn skills.

Mental Age

The age level at which an individual performs intellectually.

Stanford-Binet

An intelligence test that measures a range of cognitive abilities.

Intelligence Quotient (IQ)

A score derived from standardized tests designed to measure intelligence.

Standardization

Process of administering and scoring tests in a consistent manner.

Normal Curve

Symmetrical, bell-shaped curve representing the distribution of traits.

Reliability

Consistency of a test's results over time.

Validity

The extent to which a test measures what it claims to measure.

Construct Validity

Degree to which a test measures the theoretical construct it claims to measure.

Predictive Validity

How well a test predicts future performance.

Flynn Effect

The observed rise in IQ scores over generations.

Cohort

A group of individuals who share a common characteristic, typically age.

Crystallized Intelligence

Ability to use learned knowledge and experience.

Fluid Intelligence

Ability to solve new problems, use logic, and identify patterns.

Cross-sectional Study

Research that compares different population groups at a single point in time.

Longitudinal Study

A study following the same group over an extended period.

Heritability

The extent to which genetic factors contribute to variability in a trait.

Stereotype Threat

A situational predicament where individuals fear confirming negative stereotypes.

Test - retest reliability

Consistency of test scores over time

Split half reliability

Consistency of scores on two halves of the test