third wave

Vocabulary flashcards covering cell transport, enzyme function, and photosynthesis.

Endocytosis

The process of taking in macromolecules via vesicles from the plasma membrane, engulfing into the cell and fusing with a lysosome.

Phagocytosis

Ingesting of solid material by a cell.

Pinocytosis

Ingesting of liquid by a cell.

Receptor Mediated Endocytosis

Capturing a specific target molecule by a cell.

Lysosome

An organelle that carries digestive enzymes and breaks down food.

Sodium-Potassium Pump

Contributes to the maintenance of the membrane potential in cells.

Endosymbiosis

The theory that membrane-bound organelles evolved from once free-living prokaryotic cells.

Substrate

A reactant that an enzyme acts upon.

Active Site

The location on an enzyme where the substrate binds.

Enzyme

A biological molecule that catalyzes (speeds up) chemical reactions.

Enzyme-Substrate Complex

The complex formed when a substrate binds to the active site of an enzyme.

Competitive Inhibitor

A molecule that blocks the active site of an enzyme, preventing substrate binding.

Noncompetitive Inhibitor

A molecule that binds to an enzyme allosterically (at a different site) and changes the shape of the active site.

Activation Energy

The energy required to start a chemical reaction.

Entropy

The degree of disorder or randomness in an energy system.

Chloroplast

The organelle in plant cells where photosynthesis occurs.

Stroma

The location within the chloroplast where light-independent (dark) reactions occur.

Thylakoid Membrane

The location within the chloroplast where light-dependent (light) reactions occur.

ATP

A molecule that carries energy in cells.

NADPH

A reducing agent/molecule that carries electrons in cells.

Calvin Cycle

The cycle that occurs in the stroma and uses ATP and NADPH to convert CO2 to sugar (G3P).

Carbon Fixation

The initial incorporation of carbon dioxide into an organic molecule during photosynthesis.