biology - prokaryotic cells

eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell differences

1. Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus but prokaryotic cells don’t

2. Eukaryotic cells are bigger than prokaryotic cells

3. Eukaryotic cells have 80s ribosomes but prokaryotic cells have 70s ribosomes

4. Prokaryotic cell wall is made of murein but eukaryotic cell is made of cellulose

Prokaryotic structure

• lacks membrane bound organelles

• cell wall is made of murein

• no nucleus

What is always present in a prokaryote?

• cell wall & cell membrane

• DNA

• cytoplasm

• ribosomes

What is sometimes present in a prokaryote?

• flagellum (enables prokaryote to move)

• capsule (protects bacteria from drying out)

• plasmid (loop of DNA)

Structure of virus

• no ribosomes

• nucleic acid core (single or double stranded DNA or RNA)

• protein coat called capsid

• attachment protein molecules

Describe binary fission

1. Cell grows

2. DNA replicates

3. DNA moves to opposite ends of cell

4. Cell wall grows

5. Cytoplasm divides and 2 identical daughter cells are made with varying number of plasmids