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pure substance
a material made of only one kind of element or compound
it is not a mixture
element
a pure substance that consists of atoms with the same atomic number
Compound
a pure substance consisting of atoms of two or more different elements that are chemically combined
mixture
a physical combination of two or more substances in a changeable ratio
heterogenous mixture
a mixture that is not uniform in appearance or composition
components are not evenly distributed throughout the mixture
homogeneous mixture
a mixture that is uniform in composition
components are evenly distributed and not easily distinguished (aka, solution)
Solid
A state of matter that has a definite shape and a definite volume
liquid
A state of matter that has a definite volume but not a definite shape.
gas
a form of matter that does not have a definite volume or shape
plasma
the most common state of matter in the universe, mainly found in the sun and other stars
viscosity*
A liquid's resistance to flowing
physical property
a characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance
ductility*
the ability of a substance to be pulled into a wire
mallebility*
the ability of a material to be hammered, pressed, or rolled into thin sheets
conductivity*
the ease with which a material allows the transfer of either electrical or thermal energy
luster*
the quality of how a mineral reflects light from its surface
physical change
A change in a substance that does not change its identity
chemical change
A change that occurs when one or more substances change into entirely new substances with different properties.
chemical property
how a substance changes in the presence of another substance under certain conditions
reactivity*
the degree to which a material will react with other substances
flammability*
A material's ability to burn in the presence of oxygen
melting point
The temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid
Vaporization
The change of state from a liquid to a gas
law of conservation of matter
Matter is not created nor destroyed in any chemical or physical change
condensation
The change of state from a gas to a liquid
sublimation
A change directly from the solid to the gaseous state without becoming liquid
matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space
law of definite proportions
the law that states that the masses of chemical substances combine in definite, characteristic integer ratios when forming compounds.
particle model of matter
a model that states that all physical matter exists in the form of particles.
atom
Building block of matter
contains subatomic particles: (usually) neutrons, protons, and electrons.
molecule
a particle consisting of two or more atoms covalently bonded together
mass
A measure of the amount of matter in an object
volume
the space enclosed or occupied by an object
density
the mass pure unit volume of an object
weight
the force of gravity acting on the matter in an object
melting
the change in state from a solid to a liquid
freezing
the change in state from a liquid to a solid
evaporation
The change of a substance from a liquid to a gas
boiling
the relatively fast form of vaporization in which the energy within a liquid creates higher pressure within the liquid than the air pressure outside the liquid
boiling point
The temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas
deposition
the process in which a gas changes directly into a solid
constant, random
all matter is made of tiny particles (atoms and molecules), in _________ motion
density
this is calculated by dividing the mass of an object by its volume
Note 
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