Respiration and Energy Production

These flashcards encapsulate key concepts of respiration, differentiating between aerobic and anaerobic processes, their outcomes, and the biochemical mechanisms involved.

What is respiration?

A chemical reaction which happens in almost all cells in the body to produce energy from nutrient molecules.

What processes utilize energy produced by respiration?

Muscle contraction, protein synthesis, cell division, active transport, growth, nerve impulses, and maintaining body temperature.

What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

Aerobic respiration occurs in the presence of oxygen, while anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen.

What is produced as a byproduct in aerobic respiration?

Carbon dioxide and water.

Where does aerobic respiration primarily occur in eukaryotic cells?

In the cell mitochondria.

What factors can influence the rate of respiration?

Temperature and pH.

What happens to yeast respiration at temperatures above 35°C?

The respiration rate slows down as high heat denatures the enzymes.

What is anaerobic respiration in animal cells during exercise?

It breaks down glucose to produce lactic acid and release energy without oxygen.

What accumulates in muscles during vigorous exercise due to anaerobic respiration?

Lactic acid.

What is meant by 'oxygen debt'?

The amount of oxygen required to break down lactic acid into carbon dioxide and water after anaerobic respiration.

What does yeast produce during anaerobic respiration?

Alcohol and carbon dioxide.

Write the equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast.

C6H12O6 → 2C2H5OH + 2CO2.

Write the equation for anaerobic respiration in animal cells.

Glucose → lactic acid.