HUMAN BIO 1.1

organelles, cells and transportation

Cell Membrane

Lines the outside of the cell. Controls what goes in and out of the cell. Semi - permeable.

Cytoplasm

Material where the cell contents is suspended.

Cytoskeleton

Gives the cell it’s shape, assists movement of materials.

Nucleus

Contains DNA and controls cellular functions.

Nucleolus

Ribosomes are made and is located in the center of the nucleus.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (smooth and rough)

Creates proteins and stores and transports molecules.

Golgi Body

Modifies proteins and packages them for secretion from the cell.

Vesicles

Move substances in and out of the cell.

Mitochondria

Chemical reactions occur inside to create energy for the cell (ATP).

Vacuole

Help sequester waste products.

Centrioles

Necessary for mitosis. Form spindle fibers.

Lysosomes

Destroy/absorb unwanted matter within cell.

Homeostasis

Where an organism is regulated by secreted proteins and small molecules.

Fluid Mosaic Model

Consists of phosphate heads with lipid tails and allows small molecules to pass through. Molecules inside are constantly changing position, composed of many different types of molecules.

Allows membrane to be permeable allows movement of molecules, helps in cell-to-cell recognition.

Passive processes

Don’t require energy to function (ATP).

Active processes

Require energy to function.

Diffusion

Particles moving from a high concentration to a low concentration. This movement goes along the gradient. It is a passive process and does not require energy.

Osmosis

The diffusion of a solvent through a differentially permeable membrane in order to balance the concentration of another substance. Passive process.

Facilitated Diffusion

Movement of specific molecules down a concentration gradient, passing through the membrane via a specific carrier protein.

Exocytosis

The movement of molecules too large to diffuse or transport through the membrane where a vesicle merges into the membrane and allows the molecules out into the extracellular fluid.

Endocytosis

The movement of molecules too large to diffuse or transport through the membrane where a vesicle transports to molecules into the cell membrane.

Pinocytosis is the liquids.

Phagocytosis is the solids.