Interpersonal Communication Final Exam

What is the primary way we communicate our feelings and attitudes?

Through nonverbal messages.

Why are nonverbal messages more difficult to fake?

There are many cues to observe when a person is lying; mainly in facial expressions, response time, and voice.

What are Ekman and Friesen’s 5 categories of movement and gestures?

• Emblems

• Illustrators

• Affect displays

• Reglators

• Adaptors

What are the 8 nonverbal codes?

Movement and gesture, eye contact, facial expression, vocal cues, space (proxemics), territory, touch, and appearance.

What are the five conflict management styles?

Accommodating, avoiding, compromising, collaborating, and competing.

Explain the Accommodating conflict style.

Used when the intention is to maintain peace and the issue is given lesser importance.

Explain the Avoiding conflict style.

Used when the issue is trivial, when you don’t have the time for resolution, or feel that the chances of winning are low.

Explain the Compromising conflict style.

Useful when there is a need for rapid resolution. Though it aims to achieve a win-win solution, it might leave some parties dissatisfied.

Explain the Collaborating conflict style.

Resorted to when there is no urgency for resolving conflict.

Explain the Competing conflict style.

It is highly assertive and involves less cooperation. Usually it is used when unpopular decisions have to be implemented.

What are the three types of conflict?

Pseudo, simple, and ego.

What is Pseudoconflict?

Individuals misunderstand each other.

What is Simple Conflict?

When individuals disagree over which action to pursue to achieve their goals.

What is Ego Conflict?

Individuals feel personally attacked.

What is a Complementary Relationship?

Power is divided unevenly; one partner dominates.

What are Symmetrical Relationships?

Both partners behave toward power the same way; competitive or submissive.

What are Parallel Relationships?

The power shifts between partners situationally.

What are the 2 theories of Interpersonal Relationship Development?

Relational Dialectics Theory and Social Exchange Theory.

Explain the Relational Dialectics Theory.

• Management of tensions in relationship.

• Identifying dialectical tensions.

• Connection vs. Autonomy.

• Predictability vs. Novelty (Certainty vs. Uncertainty).

• Openness vs. Closedness.

• Using dialectical tensions to explain relational movement.

• Coping with dialectical tensions (praxis).

What does the Social Exchange Theory consider?

Rewards and costs, which are immediate and forecasted, cumulative, and expected.

What is the Self-Disclosure and Social Penetration Theory?

Movement toward intimacy is related to self-disclosure. Includes the breadth and depth of self-disclosure.

What is needed for intimacy?

Self-disclosure.

What does the Communication Privacy Management Theory involve?

• Usually occurs in small increments.

• Moves from less personal to more personal through 5 levels.

• It is reciprocal; dyadic effect.

• Involves risk and requires trust.

Explain Self-Disclosure and Electronically Mediated Communication.

• Increasingly used.

• Many more feel more comfortable using EMC.

• Risk and trust are important factors.

• Face-to-face is still viewed as more important for intimacy.

What are the two different types of deception done by?

Omission (concealment) and Commission (lying).

What are the reasons for deception?

• To gain resources.

• To avoid harm or loss of resources.

• To protect one’s self-image or save face.

• For entertainment.

• To protect others’ self-image/face for safety.

What is jealousy?

Between 3 people, it’s the fear of losing something to the third party. Ex. relationships; losing a partner’s love to someone else.

What is envy?

Between 2 people, it’s when you see a discrepancy between what you have and the other person has, and you want what they have.

How do relationships end?

• Fading away.

• Sudden death.

• Incrementalism.

What is Sternberg’s Triangular Love Theory?

Theory that all loving relationships can be described according to three dimensions: intimacy, commitment, and passion.

What are affinity-seeking strategies?

Strategies we use to increase others’ liking of us.

What is the model of Family Interaction that involves adaptability, cohesion, and communication?

Circumplex Model.

What is the model of Family Interaction that is based on conversation and conformity?

Family Communication Patterns Model.

What are the 3 ways parents impact the development of a child’s interpersonal communication?

Interaction, Instruction, and Observation.

What are Adam Kendon’s four functions?

Cognitive, Monitoring, Regulatory, Expressive.

What do vocal cues do?

Communicate emotions, enable us to make inferences about others, communicate primary relational cues, indicate self-confidence and knowledge.

What are the four “spaces” in Proxemics?

Intimate, personal, social, public.