FISH Exam- Infectious Disease - Bacteria

Gram Positive stains what color

purple

What color does gram negative stain?

pink

Cell wall of gram positive

thick peptidoglycan wall and charged amino acids

cell wall of gram negative

outer membrane, thin peptidoglycan wall, inner membrane

What is the importance of the outer membrane in gram negative bacteria?

protects against antibiotics, detergents, lysozymes

The lipopolysaccharides in the outer membrane of gram positive are endotoxin or exotoxins?

exotoxins 

What type of antibiotic is needed for gram positive bacteria?

beta-lactum and glycopeptide antibiotics- they interfere with cell wall synthesis

What is an effective antibiotic for gram negative?

bind to ribosomes and interfere with protein synthesis, inhibit DNA replication, or folate synthesis

Bacterial infections establish themselves via

pili and adhesins

Pili are filamentous proteins that do what in bacterial infections?

help bacteria bind to the host surface, resist phagocytic engulfment 

Bacteria ligands are also know as what and do what?

adhesins and bind to receptors on host cell

Endotoxins

cell associated factors, typically lipids in the outer membrane

Exotoxins

excreted by bacteria, released from cells and may act at distant sites

Bacteremia 

bacteria in the blood stream, systemic immune response 

Staphylococcus is a gram ___ bacteria

postive

What does staphyloccus cause?

boils, sinusitis, pneumonia, toxic shock syndrome, UTI’s

Staphylococcus is considered ___ bacteria

ubiquitous

phycytenular keratoconjunctivitis 

immune response to the exotoxins from staph blepharitis 

What would you prescribe a patient with phycytenular keratoconjunctivitis?

antibiotic and steroid combo drop

Why would you prescribe a combo drop for phycytenular keratoconjunctivitis ?

to eliminate bacterial activity and suppress the inflammatory response

In toxic shock syndrome, blood allows bacteria to flourish leading to what?

exotoxin release

What does the exotoxin release in toxic shock syndrome cause?

vascular insufficiency and tissue necrosis 

Scalded skin syndrome is due to epidermolyic what?

exotoxins (released by s. aureus)

What occurs during scalded skin syndrome?

detachment with the epidermal layer

necrotizing fasciitis, necrotizing pneumonia, infective endocarditis, cellulitis, abscesses, and conjunctivitis are caused by what bacteria

MRSA

potent membrane-destroying toxins kill what in MRSA?

leukocytes

What should you do on all corneal ulcers?

culture to check for resistance, change antibiotic if patient doesn’t improve quickly

Streptococcus causes what

corneal ulcers, childbirth fever, scarlet fever, erysipelas

Staphylococcus characteristics 

gram +, grows in grape like clusters

Lab test results for staphylococcus

mannitol salt agar: large, round golden yellow colonies

Catalase: +

Coagulase + or -

why can staphyloccus be coagulase + or -

the bacteria coats itself in fibrin as camouflage from the immune system