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Acropolis
The portion of an ancient Greek city-state that functioned as its religious center, translated to mean “top of the city.”
Agora
The public meeting place, marketplace, and civic center of an ancient Greek city-state.
Kyklos
A Greek term translated as “circle.”
People of Thea
Known for elaborately decorated homes, clay pipes for sanitation, and straw-reinforced walls.
Minos
The legendary ruler of Crete’s ancient capital, Konossos.
Male virility
Associated with bulls in ancient Greek culture.
Labrys
A Greek term translated as “double ax.”
House of the Double Axes
The palace of Minos, known in Greek times.
Queen Pasiphae
The wife of Minos who gave birth to the Minotaur.
Daedalus
The chief craftsperson who constructed a hollow wooden cow for Queen Pasiphae.
Ariadne
Daughter of Minos who aided Theseus in killing the Minotaur.
Mycenae
An ancient citadel city known for its cyclopean masonry and the Lion Gate.
Homer
The author of the Iliad and the Odyssey.
Achilles
The greatest warrior among the Greeks in the Trojan War and the central character in the Iliad.
Arete
A Greek term translated as “virtue,” interpreted as “reaching one’s highest potential.”
Hector
Son of the king of Troy who killed Patroclus, enraging Achilles.
Priam
The King of Troy during the events of the Iliad.
Penelope
The wife of Odysseus.
Hesiod
The author of Theogony, who detailed the Greek pantheon.
Corinth
Controlled trade routes and built a towpath to enhance its maritime trade.
Delphi
The home of the Sanctuary of Apollo.
Peristyle
The row of columns on the raised platform of an ancient Greek temple.
Entasis
The architectural feature where columns swell and contract.
Ionic order
An architectural style featuring scrolled capitals.
Krater
A vessel depicting the Death of Sarpedon, showcasing figures like Hypnos and Thanatos.
Kleisthenes
Instituted the first Athenian democracy in 508 BCE.
Demes
Small local areas in the Athenian political system, similar to modern precincts.
Darius
The ruler of the Persians at the time of the Battle of Marathon in 490 BCE.
Phidippides
Ran 26 miles from Marathon to Athens to announce Greek victory.
Herodotus
Recognized as the first Greek historian, author of History of the Persian Wars.
Parthenon
The centerpiece of the Athenian Acropolis.
Propylaia
The monumental entryway to the Athenian Acropolis complex.
Polyciltus
The sculptor of the bronze statue Doryphoros, celebrated for its proportions.
Metopes
The 92 panels on the Parthenon narrating battles between Greeks and enemies.
Socrates
Placed on trial for subversive behavior, corrupting youth, and introducing new goals.
Leucippus
A pre-Socratic thinker who conceived an atomic theory of indivisible particles.
Protagoras
Known for the dictum “Man is the Measure of all things.”
Aristophanes
A playwright known for writing comedies, including Lysistrata.
Aeschylus
The playwright of the Oresteia trilogy, detailing events post-Trojan War.
Proscenium
The elevated platform in ancient Greek theater where actors performed.
Alexander
Rumored to face a kingdom with a force of 5,000 elephants in the east.
Aristotle
Expressed the idea of catharsis in the Poetics, referring to the purification of the soul.
The 92 metopes on the four sides of the temple narrate battles between the Greeks and four enemies:
Trojans
Giants
Amazons
Centaurs
Socrates was placed on trial for:
Subversive behavior
Corrupting young men
Introducing new goals
Note
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