Humanities ch 2

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44 Terms

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Acropolis

The portion of an ancient Greek city-state that functioned as its religious center, translated to mean “top of the city.”

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Agora

The public meeting place, marketplace, and civic center of an ancient Greek city-state.

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Kyklos

A Greek term translated as “circle.”

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People of Thea

Known for elaborately decorated homes, clay pipes for sanitation, and straw-reinforced walls.

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Minos

The legendary ruler of Crete’s ancient capital, Konossos.

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Male virility

Associated with bulls in ancient Greek culture.

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Labrys

A Greek term translated as “double ax.”

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House of the Double Axes

The palace of Minos, known in Greek times.

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Queen Pasiphae

The wife of Minos who gave birth to the Minotaur.

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Daedalus

The chief craftsperson who constructed a hollow wooden cow for Queen Pasiphae.

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Ariadne

Daughter of Minos who aided Theseus in killing the Minotaur.

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Mycenae

An ancient citadel city known for its cyclopean masonry and the Lion Gate.

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Homer

The author of the Iliad and the Odyssey.

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Achilles

The greatest warrior among the Greeks in the Trojan War and the central character in the Iliad.

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Arete

A Greek term translated as “virtue,” interpreted as “reaching one’s highest potential.”

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Hector

Son of the king of Troy who killed Patroclus, enraging Achilles.

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Priam

The King of Troy during the events of the Iliad.

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Penelope

The wife of Odysseus.

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Hesiod

The author of Theogony, who detailed the Greek pantheon.

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Corinth

Controlled trade routes and built a towpath to enhance its maritime trade.

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Delphi

The home of the Sanctuary of Apollo.

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Peristyle

The row of columns on the raised platform of an ancient Greek temple.

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Entasis

The architectural feature where columns swell and contract.

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Ionic order

An architectural style featuring scrolled capitals.

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Krater

A vessel depicting the Death of Sarpedon, showcasing figures like Hypnos and Thanatos.

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Kleisthenes

Instituted the first Athenian democracy in 508 BCE.

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Demes

Small local areas in the Athenian political system, similar to modern precincts.

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Darius

The ruler of the Persians at the time of the Battle of Marathon in 490 BCE.

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Phidippides

Ran 26 miles from Marathon to Athens to announce Greek victory.

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Herodotus

Recognized as the first Greek historian, author of History of the Persian Wars.

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Parthenon

The centerpiece of the Athenian Acropolis.

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Propylaia

The monumental entryway to the Athenian Acropolis complex.

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Polyciltus

The sculptor of the bronze statue Doryphoros, celebrated for its proportions.

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Metopes

The 92 panels on the Parthenon narrating battles between Greeks and enemies.

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Socrates

Placed on trial for subversive behavior, corrupting youth, and introducing new goals.

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Leucippus

A pre-Socratic thinker who conceived an atomic theory of indivisible particles.

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Protagoras

Known for the dictum “Man is the Measure of all things.”

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Aristophanes

A playwright known for writing comedies, including Lysistrata.

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Aeschylus

The playwright of the Oresteia trilogy, detailing events post-Trojan War.

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Proscenium

The elevated platform in ancient Greek theater where actors performed.

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Alexander

Rumored to face a kingdom with a force of 5,000 elephants in the east.

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Aristotle

Expressed the idea of catharsis in the Poetics, referring to the purification of the soul.

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  • The 92 metopes on the four sides of the temple narrate battles between the Greeks and four enemies:

  • Trojans

  • Giants

  • Amazons

  • Centaurs

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Socrates was placed on trial for:

  • Subversive behavior

  • Corrupting young men

  • Introducing new goals