Cohesion: the tendency of molecules of the same kind to stick together

Adhesion: the tendency of two different kinds of molecules to stick together

• Capillary action: the ability to move something up a surface

  • Ex: a straw in a glass of water has water slightly higher than the rest: the water rises using adhesion towards the straw, and the rest of the water rises using cohesion

Surface tension: a measure of how difficult it is to break the surface of a liquid

• Hydrogen bonds cause water to stay together

Moderate temperature

• Thermal energy: energy associated with the random movements of atoms and molecules

  • Heat: transfer of thermal energy from hot → cold

  • Temperature: measure of intensity of moving atoms

• A lot of heat needed to be absorbed for water to change temperature

  • High heat capacity

  • Raising temperatures → bonds must break to vibrate faster, despite high surface tension

  • Lowering temperatures → bonds must break to evaporate, despite high surface tension

Major solvent

• Solvent: dissolving agent

• Solute: dissolved substance

• Solution: solvent + solution

  • Aqueous solution: solution where the solvent is water

    • Charge of the water molecules breaks about other molecules, causing them to dissolve