Industrialization (part 2)

Who were the four types of people that formed the new Middle Class during the 18th and 19th centuries?

Land owners, bankers, factory owners, merchants.

Who made up the working class besides the few remaining peasants?

Unspecialized laborers in the cities.

What groups did the working class view as enemies?

Middle class and Nobles.

Who is associated with the philosophy that the best thing for society is what causes the greatest happiness for the majority?

John Stuart Mill.

What is the term for the philosophy that advocates for the greatest happiness for the greatest number?

Utilitarianism.

What is the term that describes the right to vote?

Suffrage.

What political movement in the 1800s argued that working class men should be able to vote?

Classical Liberalism (Capitalists).

What were two socialist policies won by workers in the 1830s and 1840s in Great Britain?

Mines Act and Factory Act.

What were the two socialist policies implemented in Germany in the 1880s to prevent unrest?

Old Age Pensions and Accident Insurance.

Who was the German chancellor who pushed for social changes in the 1880s?

Prince Otto Von Bismarck.

What is the French term for the middle class?

Bourgeoisie.

What is the French term for the working class?

Proletariat.

Who are the two key figures who suggested the idea of communism?

Marx and Engels.

What book did Marx and Engels write?

Das Kapital.

What did Marx and Engels believe needed to be eliminated to end class struggles?

Private property.

What were the four historical class struggles identified in different eras?

Patrician vs. plebeian, master vs. slave, nobility vs. peasants, middle class vs. working class.

What are the three steps to achieving communism?

Proletarian revolution, socialism, communism.

What belief claims that all governments are oppressive and corrupt?

Anarchism.

Which figure is associated with the belief in anarchism?

Mikhail Bakunin.

What group attempted to assassinate government leaders in the late 19th and early 20th centuries?

Black Hand of Serbia.

What was the financial instrument in the 19th century requiring countries to print money backed by gold?

Gold standard.

What was the 19th century financial instrument that protected businesses from being sued?

Limited Liability Company (LLC).

What allowed people to buy and sell shares of businesses in the 19th century?

Stock market.

Name two examples of economic imperialism.

United Fruit Company and HSBC.

What type of economy depends on the export of a single good to Western buyers?

Single export economy.

Provide five countries that adopted a single-export economy.

Peru, USA, Argentina, Mexico, Brazil.

What are two examples of governments trying to stop workers from negotiating better conditions?

Homestead Strike and Pullman Strike.

What was the movement in which women fought for the right to vote?

Women's Suffrage.

Who believed that women should work collectively for their rights, similar to workers in unions?

Flora Tristan.

What English writer criticized the hypocrisy of Enlightenment ideals for women?

Mary Wollstonecraft.

Who was the French writer who also highlighted the hypocrisy of Enlightenment ideals?

Olympe de Gouges.

Where was the first women’s suffrage meeting held in 1848?

Seneca Falls.

What document outlined the foundational views at the first women’s suffrage meeting?

Declaration of Sentiments.

Name two examples of transcontinental businesses in Africa or Asia.

Unilever and HSBC.