Revision Flashcards: Anatomy and Physiology

These flashcards focus on key concepts in anatomy and physiology for understanding the human body and its systems, specifically relating to the muscular and skeletal systems, circulatory system, and concepts of fitness and learning.

What are the two main parts of the skeleton?

Axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton.

Name the four types of bone.

Long, short, flat, and irregular.

What is the function of the axial skeleton?

To protect vital organs and support the body.

What is the function of the appendicular skeleton?

To facilitate movement and support limbs.

What is a joint?

Where two bones come together forming an articulation.

List the types of connective tissues found in joints.

Fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial joints.

What are synovial joints?

Freely moving joints that have a smooth surface where bones meet, reducing friction.

What role does hemoglobin play in the circulatory system?

It picks up oxygen in the lungs and carries it to the body, releasing it where needed.

What is pulmonary ventilation?

The process of moving air in and out of the lungs.

Define systolic blood pressure.

The force exerted by blood on arterial walls during ventricular contraction.

What are the characteristics of slow twitch muscle fibers?

Slow speed of contraction, low force, and long time to reach fatigue.

What defines a motor unit?

A motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates.

What are the major components of fitness?

Health-related components: body composition, aerobic capacity, flexibility, muscular endurance, strength. Performance-related components: agility, balance, coordination, power, reaction time, speed.

What is the importance of specificity in fitness testing?

To ensure that the test measures the specific fitness component intended.

What does the term 'reversibility' refer to in training?

The loss of fitness following a cessation of training.

What is meant by the term 'reciprocal inhibition'?

The process where one muscle relaxes while the opposite muscle contracts.

Describe the three stages of learning in skill acquisition.

Cognitive stage, associative stage, and autonomous stage.

What is the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic feedback?

Intrinsic feedback comes from within the performer, while extrinsic feedback is provided by an external source.