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Plasmids
Small, circular DNA particles in bacteria.
R Plasmids
Resistance plasmids coding for antibiotic resistance.
Antibiotic Resistance Genes
Genes coding for enzymes that degrade antibiotics.
Penicillinase
Enzyme that provides resistance to penicillin.
R+ Bacterial Cells
Bacteria with resistance plasmids, like R plasmids.
R100 Plasmid
Plasmid transferable between E. coli, Klebsiella, Salmonella.
Dissimilation Plasmids
Plasmids coding for enzymes that degrade petroleum.
Bioremediation
Use of microorganisms to degrade environmental pollutants.
Bacteriocin Plasmids
Plasmids coding for toxins against specific bacteria.
Nisin
Bacteriocin from Lactococcus lactis preventing Clostridium germination.
Transposons
DNA segments that can move within the genome.
Jumping Genes
Another term for transposons due to their mobility.
Transposase
Enzyme facilitating the movement of transposons.
Transposition
Cutting and resealing of DNA by transposase.
Insertion Sequences
Simplest transposons containing transposase gene.
Inverted Repeat Sequences
Sequences flanking transposase gene for recognition.
Complex Transposons
Transposons carrying additional genetic material.
Tn5
Complex transposon with kanamycin resistance gene.
Antibiotic Resistance Transfer
Movement of resistance genes between plasmids and chromosomes.
