chapter 11 history

Daniel Boone

Daniel Boone

famous early pioneer who cleared Wilderness Road, a new route to the west. Wilderness Road became the main route used to cross the Appalachian Mountains

Cumberland Gap

natural pass in Appalachian mountains that allowed settlers to travel west

Wilderness Road

A road that traveled westward over the Appalachian Mountains into Kentucky

Turnpikes

Privately built roads that charged a fee to travelers who used them

Steamboat

A boat that moves by the power of a steam engine, made it easier and quicker to travel goods. vessel powered by steam machine

Robert Fulton

American inventor who designed the first commercially successful steamboat and the first steam warship (1765-1815)

canal

long and narrow strip of water made for boats or for irrigation

Erie Canal

A canal between the New York cities of Albany and Buffalo, completed in 1825. The canal, considered a marvel of the modern world at the time, allowed western farmers to ship surplus crops to sell in the North and allowed northern manufacturers to ship finished goods to sell in the West.

Tom Thumb

first steam-powered passenger locomotive (boat)

Peter Cooper

American ironworks manufacturer who designed and built Tom Thumb, the first American locomotive

Pony Express

A Mail carrying service; ran from 1860-1861; was established to carry mail speedily along the 2000 miles from St. Joseph, Missouri, to Sacramento, California; they could make the trek in 10 days.

Samuel F.B. Morse

invented the telegraph

Horace Mann

Secretary of the Massachusetts Board of Education; "Father of the public school system"; a prominent proponent of public school reform, & set the standard for public schools throughout the nation; lengthened academic year; pro training & higher salaries to teachers

Abolitionist

A person who wanted to end slavery in the United States

Lucretia Mott

A Quaker who attended an anti-slavery convention in 1840 and her party of women was not recognized. She and Stanton called the first women's right convention in New York in 1848

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

(1815-1902) A suffragette who, with Lucretia Mott, organized the first convention on women's rights, held in Seneca Falls, New York in 1848. Issued the Declaration of Sentiments which declared men and women to be equal and demanded the right to vote for women. Co-founded the National Women's Suffrage Association with Susan B. Anthony in 1869.

Seneca Falls Convention

(1848) the first national women's rights convention at which the Declaration of Sentiments was written

Manifest Destiny

A notion held by a nineteenth-century Americans that the United States was destined to rule the continent, from the Atlantic the Pacific.

trailblazer

a person who is the first to do or discover something and so makes it possible for others to follow (pioneer)

The Alamo (1836)

A fortress in Texas where 400 American volunteers were slain by Santa Anna. It is considered the most important battle in Texas' fight for independence. It is a symbol of American freedom and bravery under fire.

Texians

This is what the citizens of the Republic of Texas (the Lone Star Republic) were called.

Battle of San Jacinto

(1836) Final battle of the Texas Revolution; resulted in the defeat of the Mexican army and independence for Texas

Lone Star Republic

Nickname for Texas after it won independence from Mexico in 1836

Zachary Taylor

(1849-1850), Whig president who was a Southern slave holder, and war hero (Mexican-American War). Won the 1848 election. Surprisingly did not address the issue of slavery at all on his platform. He died during his term and his Vice President was Millard Fillmore.

Mexican War

after disputes over Texas lands that were settled by Mexicans the United States declared war on Mexico in 1846 and by treaty in 1848 took Texas and California and Arizona and New Mexico and Nevada and Utah and part of Colorado and paid Mexico $15,000,000

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Treaty that ended the Mexican War, granting the U.S. control of Texas, New Mexico, and California in exchange for $15 million

Sante Fe Trail

a route from Independece, Missouri to Sante Fe, New Mexico. Used by traders in the early and mid 1800's.

Oregon Trail

Trail from independence Missouri to Oregon used by many pioneers during the 1840s

Mormon Trail

In 1847, about 1,600 Mormons followed part of the Oregon Trail to Utah. They built a settlement by the Great Salt Lake.

Joseph Smith

Founded Mormonism in New York in 1830 with the guidance of an angel. 1843, Smith's announcement that God sanctioned polygamy split the Mormons and let to an uprising against Mormons in 1844; translated the Book of Mormon and died a martyr.

Brigham Young

United States religious leader of the Mormon Church after the assassination of Joseph Smith

California Trail

an overland trail that led migrants to California during the Gold Rush

forty-niners

People who went to California looking for Gold (They left in 1849)

Millard Fillmore

13th President

Franklin Pierce

14th President