Studied by 3 people
benefits of morphological classification of organisms
a. Historically the only option
b. Requires little special equipment
c. Applicability to the museum collection and fossil specimens
Limitations to morphological classification of organisms
d. Requires familiarity with an organism and significant expertise for accurate ID at the species level (this is can be tedious and time-consuming)
e. Requires entire or majority of an organism (creates an accessibility issue)
f. Taxonomic Keys need to be continually updated and revised
g. Variation to due life and cycle stage
Null Hypothesis
Stating your hypothesis in such a way that no differences exist between the control group and the experimental group
ex: no difference between men who took aspirin and men who did not
Alternate Hypothesis
Simply any other possibility
alternate: difference in hair growth with men that took aspirin in comparison to ones that did not
How do you find the mean?
Add all your numbers together and then divide by the total number of numbers you added together.
How do you find the standard error?
Find the mean of you numbers. Subtract your mean number from each value. Square the new value you got from each number. Find the mean of your squared values. divide by the total number of values. the square root of that number is the SD. SD/ squareroot sample number = SE
Do you know what 073 would look like as uL in a dial with a measure of 2-20uL?
7.3 uL
Anatomical/ Morphological Characterization
Barcode
Can you ID the differences between organisms using a Taxonomic Key?
ladybug/stickbug/Bee
Taxonomy Division
Kingdom
Phyla
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Systemics
Developing hypotheses as to how groups of organisms are related over evolutionary time.
Convert Length
mm →cm→ m→ km (10)
Convert Volume
mL→ L→ kL (1000)
Convert Mass
mg→ cg→ dg→ kg→ g (
Scientific Method
observation, forming a hypothesis, making a prediction, conducting an experiment and finally analyzing the results
Dependent Variable
the variable that is being effected by the change; What is being measured
ex:size of plant
Independent Variable
The variable that changes
ex: amount of water
Control
The variable that remains unchanged to confirm wat would normally happen.
Prediction
What you think is going to happen
Which variable is being manipulated in an experiment?
independent
Hypothesis
A scientific guess of what you predect to happen . Often if than statement
What makes a good hypothesis?
specificity, testable, based off an observation, you can replicate. Acceptable or rejectable
When should a hypothesis be accepted or rejected?
When your p-value is less than or equal to your significance level, you reject the null hypothesis. The data favors the alternative hypothesis. ...
When your p-value is greater than your significance level, you fail to reject the null hypothesis.
sample
is a representation of your population within a study
control group
group that would receive a placebo
controlled variables
any variable that is held constant
treatment group
the group that receives the actual variable that has an effect.
replication
ability to repeat the experiment
placebo
the false noneffective treatment
blind experiment
when participants are unaware of certain aspects of the experiment
SE-what do we learn from SE?
the
Variance- what do we learn from variance?
What are the major differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
What cell structures are found in \n plants and not in animals?
drawing of a plant cell, can you label cell wall; nucleus; cytoplasm?
What is the difference between a compound microscope and a stereoscopic (or dissecting) microscope?
compute the total magnification for a viewed specimen?
working distance?
How does resolution differ from magnification?
What is the field diameter?
relationship between field diameter and magnification?
How does depth of focus change as you move from lower power to higher objective?
Are you able to determine the field diameter of both compound and dissecting microscopes?
Field of diameter in compound is diameter of field of view= (diameter of field of view of eyepiece)/ (magnification of the objective lens x magnification of the eyepiece lens)
Field of diameter in microscopes is diameter of field of view= (diameter of diaphragm)/ (magnification of the objective)
What does PCR stand for and what is the goal of PCR?
features of a gene would make it useful for DNA barcoding
necessary reagents for a PCR
describe these reagents and their functions
steps of PCR
describe each step and identify the reagents involved in each \n step
purpose of running DNA ladder alongside PCR products in gel electrophoresis
Note
Flashcard