BIOL 2050 Lab- study guide

 benefits of morphological classification of organisms

a.  Historically the only option

b. Requires little special equipment

c.  Applicability to the museum collection and fossil specimens

Limitations to morphological classification of organisms

d. Requires familiarity with an organism and significant expertise for accurate ID at the species level (this is can be tedious and time-consuming)

e.  Requires entire or majority of an organism (creates an accessibility issue)

f.  Taxonomic Keys need to be continually updated and revised

g. Variation to due life and cycle stage

Null Hypothesis

Stating your hypothesis in such a way that no differences exist between the control group and the experimental group

ex: no difference between men who took aspirin and men who did not

Alternate Hypothesis

\

Simply any other possibility

alternate: difference in hair growth with men that took aspirin in comparison to ones that did not

How do you find the mean?

Add all your numbers together and then divide by the total number of numbers you added together.

How do you find the standard error?

Find the mean of you numbers. Subtract your mean number from each value. Square the new value you got from each number. Find the mean of your squared values. divide by the total number of values. the square root of that number is the SD. SD/ squareroot sample number = SE

Do you know what 073 would look like as uL in a dial with a measure of 2-20uL?

7\.3 uL

Anatomical/ Morphological Characterization

Barcode

Can you ID the differences between organisms using a Taxonomic Key?

ladybug/stickbug/Bee

Taxonomy Division

Kingdom

Phyla

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species

Systemics

Developing hypotheses as to how groups of organisms are related over evolutionary time. 

Convert Length

mm →cm→ m→ km (10)

Convert Volume

mL→ L→ kL (1000)

Convert Mass

mg→ cg→ dg→ kg→ g (

Scientific Method

observation, forming a hypothesis, making a prediction, conducting an experiment and finally analyzing the results

Dependent Variable

the variable that is being effected by the change; What is being measured

ex:size of plant

Independent Variable

The variable that changes

ex: amount of water

Control

The variable that remains unchanged to confirm wat would normally happen.

Prediction

What you think is going to happen

Which variable is being manipulated in an experiment?

independent

Hypothesis

A scientific guess of what you predect to happen . Often if than statement

What makes a good hypothesis?

specificity, testable, based off an observation, you can replicate. Acceptable or rejectable

When should a hypothesis be accepted or rejected?

1. When your p-value is less than or equal to your significance level, you reject the null hypothesis. The data favors the alternative hypothesis. ...
2. When your p-value is greater than your significance level, you fail to reject the null hypothesis.

sample

is a representation of your population within a study

control group

group that would receive a placebo

controlled variables

any variable that is held constant

treatment group

the group that receives the actual variable that has an effect.

replication

ability to repeat the experiment

placebo

the false noneffective treatment

blind experiment

when participants are unaware of certain aspects of the experiment

SE-what do we learn from SE?

the

Variance- what do we learn from variance?

What are the major differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

What cell structures are found in \n plants and not in animals?

drawing of a plant cell, can you label cell wall; nucleus; cytoplasm?

What is the difference between a compound microscope and a stereoscopic (or dissecting) microscope?

compute the total magnification for a viewed specimen?

working distance?

How does resolution differ from magnification?

What is the field diameter?

relationship between field diameter and magnification?

How does depth of focus change as you move from lower power to higher objective?

Are you able to determine the field diameter of both compound and dissecting microscopes?

Field of diameter in compound is diameter of field of view= (diameter of field of view of eyepiece)/ (magnification of the objective lens x magnification of the eyepiece lens)

\
Field of diameter in microscopes is diameter of field of view= (diameter of diaphragm)/ (magnification of the objective)

What does PCR stand for and what is the goal of PCR?

features of a gene would make it useful for DNA barcoding

necessary reagents for a PCR

describe these reagents and their functions

steps of PCR

describe each step and identify the reagents involved in each \n step

purpose of running DNA ladder alongside PCR products in gel electrophoresis