World History Review

Flashcards for world history exam review.

What were some challenges women faced in Dar al-Islam?

Legal rights restrictions and social limitations, like foot binding.

What is Filial Piety?

Practice of honoring one’s ancestors and parents.

Which empire was built around trade and used receipt and bill systems?

Abbasid Caliphate.

What was the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate?

Baghdad (modern day Iraq).

What rose as a result of the Abbasid Caliphate's decline?

Turkic Muslim empires like the Seljuk Empire.

What is Neo-Confucianism?

Emphasis on hierarchy & filial piety.

What led to the Song Dynasty's economic development?

Champa rice, Grand Canal expansion & trade across Eurasia.

What were the Crusades?

Military campaigns by European Christians to convert Muslims and non-Christians.

What was a result of the Delhi Sultanate?

Led to the spread of Islam in Southeast Asia.

What did the Rajput Kingdom do?

Resisted Muslim intrusion, maintaining Hindu influence.

What were the years of Genghis Khan's reign?

1206-1227

What did Genghis Khan do?

Unified the tribes in Mongolia to expand their authority over other societies.

What was a common impact of the Mongols?

Great diffusers of culture.

What did the Mongols prevent Russia from doing?

Prevented Russia from culturally developing.

What grew as the Mongols spread through Europe, the Middle East, and Asia?

World trade, cultural diffusion, global awareness grew.

What was a description of the Mongol fighters?

Ruthless fighters, organized and mobile.

What right did the Magna Carta give citizens?

Right to a fair trial for citizens.

In what year did the Mongols destroy Baghdad?

1258

What was the Yuan Dynasty?

The first foreign-ruled dynasty to commandeer all of China, led by Mongols.

What are the years of the Ottoman Empire?

1299-1923

What are the years of the Ming Dynasty?

1368-1644

Who founded the Ottoman Empire?

Founded by Osman Bey as the Mongol Empire fell & expanded rapidly.

What was the religion of the Ottoman Empire?

Islamic religion.

What area did the Ottoman Empire solidify rule over?

Greece to Persia

What was crucial for the Ottoman expansion?

Adoption of gunpowder weapons crucial for expansion.

What was devshirme?

Enslaved Christians from Balkans, converted them to Islam to form elite fighting force (Janissaries).

What did Mansa Musa's pilgrimage to Mecca do?

Introduced the wealth of Mali to the the rest of the Mediterranean.

What was Tenochitlan?

Capital city of Aztec Empire

What was established in Tenochitlan?

Markets were established, commercialised.

Where did Ibn Battuta travel?

Travelled all over Dar al Aslam.

What impact did the Black Death have on the Middle East?

Killed nearly 1/3 of their population.

What impact did the Black Death have on Europe?

Killed ½ of their population.

What did the Black Death come with?

Came with the decline of Mongol rule in China.

What was the purpose of Zheng He's voyages?

Sent by the Ming Dynasty to go explore the Indian Ocean & enroll other states in China’s tributary system.

Describe the Aztec Empire's policies and army

Expansionist policy and professional, strict army

How did the Mexica secure their legitimacy as rulers?

Claimed heritage from older, more renowned Mesoamerican people.

What characterized the Inca Empire?

Expansionist - army, established bureaucracy, unified language, system of roads and tunnels

What did the Inca Empire's Mit'a System require?

Required labor of everyone for a period of time each year to work on state projects.

In what year did Swahili state-building flourish?

1440

What year did the Atlantic slave trade start?

1441

What are the years of the Safavid Empire?

1501-1722

What kind of empire was the Safavid Empire?

Largest Shia empire.

Who invented the printing press?

Johannes Gutenberg.

What was the effect of the printing press invention?

Made books easy to produce and affordable, and literacy more accessible to everyone.

Why was the Caravel important?

Transporting between 10 and 12 million enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean.

What were the conditions like when transporting enslaved Africans?

Brutal, overcrowded, unsanitary

In what year did the Ottoman Empire conquer Constantinople?

1453

What years did Russia break free from Mongol rule?

1450s-1480s

What type of state was the Songhai Empire?

Islamic state

What was special about Sikhism

Held onto significant doctrines from Islam & Hinduism.

What was the Reconquista?

Effort to rid the Iberian Peninsula of Muslim rule.

What did the Reconquista re-establish?

Re-established christianity as the official religion of the region.

What did Columbus's voyages to the "New World" mark?

Marks start of Spanish colonization and the Columbian Exchange.

What year did Portugal start colonization of the Americas?

1497

In what year did Vasco da Gama reach India?

1498

What was significant about the Safavid Empire and its relation with the Ottoman Empire?

In conflict with the Sunni Ottoman Empire.

What year did the first enslaved Africans arrive in the Americas?

1534

What year did the Protestant Reformation start?

1517

What are the years of the Mughal Empire?

1526-1748

What did Akbar focus on?

Religious tolerance and supports the arts.

What did Aurangzeb do?

Persecution of Hindus and Sikhs.

What happened to the last ruler of the Mughal Empire?

Ended when last ruler Bahadur Shah II was sent into exile.

What was significant about the discovery of silver at Potosi mine in 1545?

Silver was KING.

What years were the Scientific Revolution?

1550-1700

What year did the Russian Empire emerge?

1552

What year was the Invention of the Fluyt?

1595

What year was the British East India Company established?

1600

What role did the British Virginia company play?

Role in funding exploration projects.

What are the years the Qing Dynasty governed China?

1688-1911

What effects did the Enlightenment have?

Major revolutions, expansion of suffrage, abolition of slavery, end of serfdom, calls for women’s suffrage

What years were the First Industrial Revolution?

1760-1789

Who were the important people to know during the First Industrial Revolution?

Charles Darwin, Adam Smith, Karl Marx.

What years were the American Revolution?

1765-1783

What years were the French Revolution?

1789-1795

What was published during the French Revolution?

Vindication of the Rights of Woman by Mary Wollstonecraft published

What was significant about the Dutch?

Responsible for half of all europe’s shipping tonnage.

What was the government like in Tokugawa Japan?

Strict government that instituted a rigid social class model.

What policy did Tokugawa Japan institute?

National seclusion policy.

What year was the Dutch East India Company established?

1602

What year was Jamestown established?

1607

What year did the Taj Mahal construction start?

1632

What years did Louis XIV's absolute monarchy reign in France?

1643-1715

What year was Newton's Principia published?

1687

What were the effect of the Qing Dynasty

Expulsion, division between Manchu & Han, isolationism.

What years did Peter the Great modernize Russia?

1689-1725

What year was the Glorious Revolution in England?

1689

What years did the Enlightenment flourish?

1715-1789

Who was a significant thinker that rose from enlightenment ideas?

Montesquieu

What years were the 7 Years' War?

1756-1763

What year did English colonization begin in India?

1757

What was the main engine of the first industrial revolution?

The Steam Engine

What act was put in place in Britain at the height of the Industrial Revolution?

Factory Act of 1883

What were the causes of the French Revolution?

Social Inequality between the estates, economic hardships, enlightenment, weak leadership, food shortages.

What years were the Haitian Revolution?

1791-1804

What year did feminism begin?

1792

What year was the Sepoy Mutiny in India?

1857

What years did Social Darwinism begin to take shape?

1860s-1870s

What year was the Meiji Restoration?

1868

What year was the Chinese Exclusion Act?

1882

What years did European spheres of influence rise in China?

1890s