microbio Listeria, Erysipelothrix, Clostridium, Bacillus

purple rods

how does Listeria appear with the gram stain?

Listeria

which bacteria appears like this with the gram stain?

non enriched media, rapid L-mono, blood agar

in what media can we isolate Listeria?

no

can Listeria be isolated in Macconkey?

yes

can Listeria be isolated in non enriched media?

yes

is Listeria hemolytic in blood agar?

it can be, but it is not necessary- it is facultatively anaerobic

does Listeria need to be isolated with oxygen?

catalase +

oxidase -

what is the result of Listeria's catalase and oxidase test?

environment- it is saprophytic in herbage, fresh water, and feces

where does Listeria normally live?

Listeria, ingestion of contaminated food and sometimes by direct contact

listeriosis is caused by the bacteria ________, and infects the animal via this route:

neurological-

circling- "circling disease"

headache

stiff neck

confusion

loss of balance

convulsions

fever

muscle aches

sometimes abortions

what are the signs of an animal with listeriosis?

penetrates the intestine, where it is absorbed into the blood and disseminates throughout the body. it targets the liver and spleen and can also cross the blood brain barrier to cause neurological signs

how does Listeria affect the animal's body?

Listeria

which bacteria can cross the placenta in a pregnant animal?

Listeria monocytogenes

an animal with "circling disease" and other neurological signs is mos likely infected with what bacteria?

CSF or spinal cord tissue if there are neuro. signs

cotyledons, fetal abomasal content or uterine discharge if there was an abortion

liver, spleen and blood

feces from a carrier (asymptomatic) animal

what specimens are acceptable to take from an animal with an Listeria monocytogenes infection?

Listeria monocytogenes

this animal has been circling around, cant move its neck, and is acting very confused. it also just had an abortion. what bacteria can we add to our list of differential diagnosis?

Listeria monocytogenes

with the rapid L-mono media, we see these results. what bacteria is this?

Listeria monocytogenes

when performing the CAMP test, the bacteria forms these shapes. what species is it?

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

what bacteria is this?

purple rods/filaments

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae appears as _______ with the gram stain

in the tonsils of 50% of healthy pigs

what is the natural habitat of

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae?

-ingestion of contaminated water or food

-direct contact with pig feces

-arthropod transmission

-iatrogenic- contaminated needle

how is Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae transmitted?

pigs

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is most important in what species?

catalase-

oxidase-

what are the results of the catalase and oxidase tests of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae?

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

which of these bacteria are coagulase +?

Listeria monocytogenes

which of these bacteria are CAMP +?

no

is Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae motile?

yes

is Listeria motile?

we can, but it is not necessary- it is facultatively anaerobic

do we need to use oxygen for Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae isolation?

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

which bacteria has hyaluronidase and neuraminidase for invasion into epithelial cells and CT?

hyaluronidase and neuraminidase

what important enzymes does Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae have to aid in cell invasion?

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

which bacteria can adhere to epithelial cells?

acute- septicemia, abortion, skin lesions

chronic- endocarditis, polyarthritis, skin lesions

describe the acute and chronic effects of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

this pig is likely infected by...

diamond shaped skin lesions

what is the most common lesion of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae?

yes

can Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae infect humans?

tonsil scrapings, blood

how do we collect samples from an alive pig infected with Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae?

liver, spleen, heart valves, synovial tissues, joints, tonsils

what samples can we take from a dead pig that was infected with Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae?

no

is Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae hemolytic?

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

which bacteria produces H2S when performing the Triple sugar iron (TSI) test?

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae- TSI test

which bacteria produces this result?

Bacillus anthracis

what bacteria is this?

Bacillus and Clostridium

which bacteria produces endospores?

yes

can Bacillus anthracis grow on non enriched media?

catalase +

oxidase -

what are the results of the catalase and oxidase test of Bacillus anthracis?

yes

is Bacillus anthracis motile?

Bacillus anthracis

what bacteria causes anthrax?

50 years- they tolerate dessication, high temperatures, and chemical disinfectants

the endospores of Bacillus anthracis last how long in the environment?

cattle, sheep, carnivores, horses, pigs, humans

what species can be affected by Bacillus anthracis?

inhalation

ingestion of infected meat

wounds

injected

vectors

what are the routes of ingection of Bacillus anthracis?

inhalation

how is respiratory anthrax transmitted?

contact with wounds

how is cutaneous anthrax transmitted?

Ingestion of contaminated water

how is GI anthrax transmitted?

anthrax toxins

what toxin does Bacillus anthracis produce?

cause cells to release H20, causing pulmonary edema

what do anthrax toxins do?

7 days

-fever

-cough

-chills

-shortness of breath

-shock

locally- darkening, edema, necrosis

systemically- septicemia, vascular perm., hemorrhage

symptoms of anthrax occur ______ after infection. they include....

respiratory anthrax

which type of anthrax- respiratory, cutaneous, or GI, is more severe?

endospores go to the alveoli, where they trigger an immune response. macrophages engulf spores, but cannot destroy them. so, endospores germinate inside of the macrophage and then are released into the lymph glands and can travel throughout the body and infect the blood stream

explain what Bacillus anthracis does once it enters the animal's body via inhalation

Bacillus anthracis

what bacterial infection do these animals have?

Bacillus anthracis

which bacteria appears like this with the ZN stain?

negative- cells are blue, but endospores are red

is Bacillus anthracis ZN positive or negative?

Bacillus anthracis

which disease is very fatal and the animals that it kills are bloated, have dark, unclotted blood, hemorrhage in their anus, mouth, and nostrils, and have no rigor mortis?

Bacillus anthracis

which bacteria looks like this with the methylene blue stain?

chains of purple rods

how does Bacillus anthracis appear with the gram stain?

no

does Bacillus anthracis grow on macconkey agar?

no

is Bacillus anthracis hemolytic?

Bacillus anthracis

which bacteria is this, on non enriched media?

purple rods

how does Clostridium appear with the gram stain?

no- it is anaerobic

can we isolate Clostridium with oxygen?

catalase-

oxidase-

what are the results of Clostridium's catalase and oxidase tests?

yes, except P. perfringens

is Clostridium motile?

soil, GI tract (intestines), muscles, liver, feces

where is the usual habitat of Clostridium?

C. tetani

C. botulinum

what are the neurotoxic species of Clostridium?

C. chavoei

C. septicum

C. perfringens

which are the histotoxic species of Clostridium?

C. perfringens

C. dificile

which are the enteropathogenic species of Clostridium?

it inhibits the transmission of GABA between neurons. GABA's function is to inhibit AcH transmission to the muscle fibers, stopping contraction. However, because C. tetani inhibits it, AcH continues to be transmitted and muscle spasms occur

what is the mechanism of Clostridium tetani in the body?

Clostridium tetani

this is the mechanism of which bacteria?

Clostridium tetani

muscle tremors and lock jaw is the affect of what bacteria?

Clostridium tetani

which bacteria has an effect on synaptic junctions between 2 neurons?

it inhibits the release of AcH in the neuromuscular junction, so the muscles cannot contract= flaccid paralysis

what is the mechanism of Clostridium botulinum in the body?

Clostridium botulinum

which bacteria causes flaccid paralysis?

Clostridium botulinum

these are all symptoms of an infection of...

wounds

Clostridium tetani produces its neurotoxins in......

canned food

Clostridium botulinum produces its neurotoxins in...

Clostridium chauvoei

which bacteria causes blackleg disease?

cattle- endogenous (from spores in muscles)

sheep- exogenous

is a Clostridium chauvoei infection endogenous or exogenous?

local necrosis and systemic affects

histotoxins of Clostridium cause what?

Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium septicum

which Clostridium species causes gas gangrene?

-malignant edema

-braxy

-big head in young rams

-gas gangrene

what are the effects of Clostridium septicum?

Clostridium septicum

which bacteria can cause big head, braxy, malignant edema, and gas gangrene?

gas gangrene, diarrhea, hemorrhages

chickens- necrotic enteritis, gangrenous dermatitis

pigs- necrotic enterocolitis

what are the effects of Clostridium perfringens?

Clostridium dificile

which species of Clostridium is very difficult to isolate and treat?

Clostridium dificile

which bacteria produces exotoxins that alter the function of enterocytes, ultimately causing diarrhea?

although they are enteropathogenic, sometimes the bacteria is absorbed into the blood stream and goes to the lungs

why can Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium dificile sometimes cause pulmonary edema?

Clostridium dificile and Clostridium perfringens

which bacteria can cause this?

yes- it is double hemolytic

is Clostridium hemolytic?

Clostridium

which bacteria produces this result in blood agar?

Clostridium botulinum

this is the mechanism of what bacteria?