Chapter 18 Electric Forces + Electric Fields

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13 Terms

1

Electric Charge

positive/negative, like charges repel and unlike charges attract one another, always conserved and only exchanged

Unit=Coulomb

Symbolized by e

e=1.6×10-19 C

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2

Conductors

materials in which the electric charges move freely, when charged in small region, charge readily distributes itself over entire surface of material

Example: copper/aluminum/silver

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3

Insulators

materials in which electric charges do not move freely, when charged by rubbing, only rubbed area becomes charged

Example: glass/rubber/plastic

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4

Semiconductors

characteristics of it are between those of insulators and conductors

Example: silicon/germanium

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5

Proton

charge e+

positive charge

doesn’t move from one material to another because held firmly in nucleus

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6

Electron

charge of e-

negative charge

gaining/losing electrons is how an object becomes charged, negative charge move from one object to another

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7

Coulomb’s Law

the attraction of a particle is inversely proportional to the square of the separation between 2 particles and is along the joining line

Equation: F = k * (q1 * q2) / r2

K=9×109 Nm2/C2

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8

Polarization

the realignment of charge on the surface of an insulator, where the center of positive charge in neutral atoms or molecules may separate slightly in the presence of a charged object

Example: charged comb attracts bits of paper due to polarization of the paper

<p>the realignment of charge on the surface of an insulator, where the center of positive charge in neutral atoms or molecules may separate slightly in the presence of a charged object</p><p>Example: charged comb attracts bits of paper due to polarization of the paper</p>
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9

Charging by Conduction

when a charged object, like a rod, contacts a charged sphere, electrons move to the sphere, leaving the sphere with same charge as the charging object

<p>when a charged object, like a rod, contacts a charged sphere, electrons move to the sphere, leaving the sphere with same charge as the charging object</p>
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10

Charging By Induction

requires no contact with the object inducing the charge, when a charged object attracts a neutral object, causing electrons to temporarily redistribute charges within the neutral object

<p>requires no contact with the object inducing the charge, when a charged object attracts a neutral object, causing electrons to temporarily redistribute charges within the neutral object</p>
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11

Electric Field Pattern

a pattern of lines around a charged object; the lines indicate the direction a positively charged particle will move in the field

<p>a pattern of lines around a charged object; the lines indicate the direction a positively charged particle will move in the field</p>
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12

Electric Field of a Charge

the space around the charge in which an electric force due to that charge is experienced

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13

3x^4+18=21x^2

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