Interpersonal Communication Final Exam

Social emotions

Feelings that occur in interpersonal communication or relationships

Self-perceptions

People's own awareness of how they feel

Physiology

physical changes that occur in conjunction with feelings

Nonverbal markers

changes in appearance that occur when a person experiences affect

Action tendencies

refers to the behaviors that emotions compel us to perform

Hurt in Parent-Child relationships

disparagement/disregard

discipline

misconduct

Jealousy

an emotion that arises from perceptions that a valued relationship is threatened by a partner's competing interests

Emotional intelligence

the ability to understand and manage one's own feelings, as well as the moods and emotions of others

Relation between communication and feelings

feelings can cause communication

communication describes feelings

communication affects feelings

feelings shape interpretations of messages

Emotions

fleeting feelings that arise in particular situations

meant to move through our bodies, not get stuck

Components of emotion

felt experience (physiology)

thinking and interpreting

emotional expression (or suppression)

Moods

moods are pervasice, ranging from good to bad

The listening process

1. attending/selecting info

2. interpreting

3. remembering

4. evaluating

5. responding

defensive listening

already preparing yourself for an attack, hearing only criticism

form of nonlistening: psuedolistening

pretending to listen

forms of nonlistening: monopolizing

not hearing what someone has to say because you keep bringing it back to yourself

forms of nonlistening: selective listening

focusing on certain parts of communication and not listening to others, often choosing stuff that benefits you

hearing

a physilogical activity that involved sound waves hitting our ear drums

listening

an active, complex process

listening goals: appreciative listening

listening for entertainment/pleasure

listening goals: comprehensive listening

listening to understand something

listening goals: evaluative listening

how trustworthy something is

listening goals: active-empathic listening

listening to reflect on what a person is feeling

empathic accuracy

the ability to accurately perceive another person's emotional state, thoughts, and feelings

empathy

the ability to perceive another person's perspective, to understand, feel, and possibly share and respond to their experience

Active listening

The practice of fully concentrating on, understanding, and responding to what another person is saying

external obstacles to listening

features of the message, complexity, message overload

noise (physical)

internal obstacles to listening

thoughts and feelings

lack of effort

reacting to emotionally loaded language

failure to adapt listening styles

preoccupation with the digital world

Relationship Development: initiating

reduce uncertainty and promote positive outcomes by exchanging public information and following boradly held societal norms

Relationship Development: experimenting

discover common ground shared with the partner by engaging in small talk and sharing personal, though not private, information

Relationship Development: intensifying

establish and identity as a social unit by highlighting the qualities that make the relationship unique

Relationship Development: bonding

formally establish the relationship through public ritual

Relationship Dissolution: Differentiation

Express beliefs or do activities that aren't shared with the partner

Relationship Dissolution: Circumscribing

Create psychological distance by sharing less information and avoiding controversial topics

Relationship Dissolution: Stagnation

Avoid communication or talk about the partner's flaws, relationship problems, and ongoing disagreements

Relationship Dissolution: Avoiding

Create physical distance by ignoring a partner, staying away, and engaging in minimal communication

Relationship Dissolution: Terminating

End the relationship by ceasing contact or acknowledging that the relationship has ended and clarifying expectations for the future

Social penetration theory

A description of relationship escalation that focuses on how communication allows partners to get to know one another

Friendship development stages

The meeting

Fledgling friendship

Private rules for interacting to develop

Stabilized friendship

Secret tests

Covert actions designed to reveal information about a partner's involvement in a relationship

Secure attachment

A bond characterized by comfort with closeness and an ability to trust or be trusted by others

Insecure attachment

A bond characterized by a lack of confidence in close relationships

Preoccupied attachment

Want to be close to others, but doubt whether other people really care about them

Dismissing attachment

Believe that other people are unreliable or untrustworthy; deny the need for closeness

Fearful attachment

Trust neither themselves nor others; other people makes them feel uncomfortable and anxious

Closeness

Emotional connection comfortable and bonded, can be yourself

Openness

No fear of judgement, honesty, self-disclosure

Mutuality

Balance, equal investment

Trust

Confidence in partner, safety, protection

Affection

Warmth, words, gestures, touch

Have to

No choice due to constraints (financial, societal)

Ought to

Obligations or moral duties

Want to

Personal desire to maintain relationship

Ludus

Love that involves entertaining and exciting games

Eros

Love focused on beauty and sexuality

Storge

Love that is peaceful and grounded in friendship

Mania

Love that is dramatic, involving elation and depression

Assurance

expressing commitment and appreciation

Openness

talking honestly about feelings and needs

Positivity

bringing warmth and humor

Sharing tasks

balancing responsibilities

Social networks

surrounding yourself with supportive others

Childhood

friendships are based on a desire to be liked, fit in, and be accepted

Adolescene

friends form between people who validate a person's sense of self and similar interests. based on self-disclosure, problem solving, and being understood, exploring who you are away from parents

Early/middle adulthood

the size of social network shrinks after college, more time spent with family, kids, career. defined by similarity and sense of connection

older adulthood

more discriminant about who counts as a friend, geographic separation not as much of an issue, but benefit from local friends

lonliness

gap between level of connection you want and what you have, if we believe friendship should be easy and natural, we don't put in effort

family

network of people who share a common history, envision a similar future, create a sense of home, and share a collective identity

Pluralistic

high convo, low conformity

tolerates ideas, does not expect conformity, emphasis on conversation, expect independent kids

Consensual

high convo, high conformity

expectation to eventually think the right way, still open to conversations, they think similarity means family

Laissez-faire

low convo, low conformity

disinterested in talking to one another, loose family connections, emotionally uninvolved

Protective

low convo, high conformity

focus on authority and obedience, expect children not to question

Family socialization

the process by which parents teach their children behaviors that are appropriate, expected, moral, or polite

Transmission

the teaching of cultural practices from one generation to the next

Functions of family secrets

create and maintain intimacy, protecting family structure, avoid social disapproval

system theory

a general perspective that emphasizes how different objects work together to form a higher entity

enmeshed system

people in family have little privacy, very much in business, deep reliance in one another

disengaged system

people don't exchange information, not much communication, closeness, or connection

open systems

free info exchange inside and outside of family

closed system

expectation to not share certain information outside of household, Duggar family, can be high control religious group

traditional marriage

a union characterized by a clear division of labor, companionship, and cooperation

independent marriage

a union characterized by an emphasis on quality time together, individuality, and frequent negotiation of household tasks

separate marriage

a union characterized by a clear division of labor, psychological and emotional distance, and a strong commitment to the relationship

mixed marriage

a union in which the partners differ in their preferences for a traditional, independent, or separate relationship

influence goals

desired end-states or outcomes that can only be achieved through cooperation

primary influence goal

the goal that motivates the interaction

secondary influence goal

other considerations that arise that shape communication strategies

positive face

Desire for consistent and positive identity, want to be liked and respected

negative face

Desire to be unconstrained and independent

perform FTA bald-on-record

say it bluntly and directly

perform FTA w/positive politeness

compliment them to uplift them

perform FTA w/negative politeness

minimize or apologize for the imposition

face threatening acts (FTA)

request for compliance that have a threat to the positive or negative face

coercive power

power to use threats and punishments

reward power

ability to use incentives to gain compliance

expert power

extent to which a person has expert knowledge and info

referent power

who we look up to and respect, they have power because of this

legitimate power

hierarchy or system that gives a person power (cop)

upward power

to have influence and power even though you are not higher up, use rationale

types of influence goals

-gain assistance

-give advice

-share activity

-change orientation

-change relationship

-obtain permission

-enforce rights and obligations