Introductory Linguistics – Key Vocabulary

Vocabulary flashcards covering fundamental linguistic terms and concepts mentioned in the lecture notes.

Language (Webster’s view)

A system of communication used by humans.

Language (Gleason’s view)

A highly collaborative, systematic structure for human interaction.

Language (Webster’s view)

A system of communication used by humans.

Systematic Structure

The organized framework that underlies every natural language.

Universal Characteristic of Language

All languages are built on a systematic structure (masistemang balangkas).

Phoneme (Ponema)

The smallest meaningful unit of sound in a language.

Phonology (Ponolohiya)

The scientific study of sound systems and patterns in a language.

Segmental Phonemes

Individual consonant and vowel sounds; Filipino has 21 segmental phonemes.

Consonant (Katinig)

A speech sound produced with some stoppage or obstruction of airflow (e.g., b, d, g, h, l, m, n, ng, p, r, s, t, etc.).

Vowel (Patinig)

A speech sound produced without significant constriction of the airflow; considered the most prominent phonemes.

Morpheme (Morpema)

The smallest meaningful unit of language formed by combining two or more phonemes; can stand as a root word.

Morphology (Morpolohiya)

The branch of linguistics that studies morphemes and word formation.