Managing Human Resources

These flashcards cover essential terms and concepts related to managing human resources, focusing on turnover, compensation, unionized employees, diversity, and HRM processes.

Turnover

Occurs when employees quit or are fired and must be replaced by new employees.

Human Resource Management (HRM)

All activities involved in determining an organization’s human resource needs, as well as acquiring, training, and compensating people.

Diversity

The presence of differences within an organization based on factors such as race, gender, religion, sexual orientation, and abilities.

Job Analysis

The determination of pertinent information about a job, including specific tasks and necessary abilities, knowledge, and skills.

Recruiting

The process of forming a pool of qualified applicants from which management can select employees.

Job Description

A formal, written explanation of a specific job, including job title, tasks, and required skills.

Job Specification

A description of the qualifications necessary for a job, including education and experience.

Compensation

The payment or benefits received by employees in exchange for their work.

Collective Bargaining

The negotiation process through which management and unions reach an agreement about working conditions.

Performance Appraisal

The evaluation of an employee's performance to provide feedback and determine compensation.

Unionized Employees

Workers who are members of a labor union and negotiate working conditions collectively.

Exit Interview

A survey used to determine why an employee is leaving an organization.

AI in Recruitment

The use of artificial intelligence to assist in scanning résumés, scheduling interviews, and indicating candidate fit.

Reference Checking

The process of verifying an applicant’s educational background and previous work experience.

Soft Benefits

Non-financial benefits such as flexible schedules and professional development opportunities provided to employees.

Equity in the Workforce

Providing equal opportunities and fair treatment for all employees regardless of their differences.

Inclusion

The degree to which diverse individuals are valued and welcomed in the organization.

Discrimination in Employment

Unfair treatment of employees based on factors like race, gender, or age.

Labor Unions

Organizations formed by workers to negotiate with employers for better wages and working conditions.

Affirmative Action

Programs designed to increase job opportunities for underrepresented groups.

Workforce Diversity Benefits

Includes more productive human resource use and increased innovation.

Training and Development

Processes designed to improve employees’ skills and prepare them for increased responsibility.

Remote Work

A flexible work arrangement allowing employees to work beyond the traditional office environment.

Dispute Resolution

Methods including conciliation, mediation, and arbitration used to settle disputes between management and unions.

Job Enrichment

Improving job quality by increasing the level of responsibility and autonomy employees have.

Salaries vs. Wages

Salaries are fixed payments while wages are typically hourly rates paid for the work done.

Worker Motivation

The level of energy, commitment, and creativity that a company's workers bring to their jobs.

On-the-Job Training

A training method where employees learn by performing their job duties.

HR Director

A high-level management job overseeing human resource operations within an organization.

360-Degree Feedback

A performance appraisal method that includes feedback from multiple sources such as peers and subordinates.

Merit-Based Promotions

Promotions based on employee performance rather than seniority.

Piece Wage Pay

Compensation tied to the level of output achieved by an employee.

Quid Pro Quo Harassment

A type of sexual harassment where employment benefits are tied to sexual advances.

Hostile Work Environment

A situation where employees are subjected to inappropriate and offensive behavior continually.

Health Benefits

Forms of compensation that include health insurance and other wellness-related perks.

Employee Stock Ownership Plans (ESOPs)

Programs that provide employees with an ownership interest in the company.

Online Application Process

The methodology of collecting job applications primarily through online platforms.

Legal Compliance in HRM

Adhering to federal regulations and laws that govern employee treatment and workplace conditions.

Behavioral Interviews

A type of interview focusing on how candidates handled past situations affecting their job performance.

Performance Metrics

Quantifiable measures used to evaluate employee performance.

Workforce Planning

A strategic approach to ensuring an organization has the right number of employees needed for future demand.

Job Flexibility

A work arrangement allowing employees to have varying work hours or locations.

Employee Assistance Program (EAP)

Workplace programs that provide employees with support for personal problems that might affect their job performance.

Cost-of-Living Adjustment (COLA)

Automatic wage increases during inflationary periods to protect employees' purchasing power.

Bonding and Teamwork

The process where employees build relationships through collaboration and support.

Employee Benefits Package

A collection of various non-wage compensations provided to employees.

job analysis

the determination, through observation and study, of pertinent information about a job—including specific tasks and necessary abilities, knowledge, and skills.

selection

the process of collecting information about applicants and using that information to make hiring decisions.

pre-employment assessments

tests given to job candidates by potential employers prior to hiring to determine whether an applicant has the skills necessary for the job

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act

prohibits discrimination in employment based on race, color, religion, sex, and national origin and created the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.

Americans with Disabilities Act

(ADA)

) a civil rights law that prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities.

Equal Pay Act

a labor law that prohibits wage discrimination based on sex

orientation

familiarizing newly hired employees with fellow workers, company procedures, and the physical properties of the company

training

teaching employees to do specific job tasks through either classroom development or on-the-job experience.

mentoring

involves supporting, training, and guiding an employee’s professional development.

development

training that augments the skills and knowledge of managers and professionals.

promotion

an advancement to a higherlevel job with increased authority, responsibility, and pay

transfer

a move to another job within the company at essentially the same level and wage

separation

involving resignation, retirement, termination, or layoff.

wage/salary survey

a study that tells a company how much compensation comparable firms are paying for specific jobs that the firms have in common.

commission

An an incentive system that pays a fixed amount or a percentage of the employee’s sales.

bonuses

monetary rewards offered by companies for exceptional performance as incentives to further increase productivity.

profit sharing

a form of compensation whereby a percentage of company profits is distributed to the employees whose work helped to generate them

benefits

forms of compensation provided to employees that are not part of an employee’s wages.

labor contract

the formal, written document that spells out the relationship between the union and management for a specified period of time— usually two or three years

training

teaching employees to do specific job tasks through either classroom development or on-the-job experience.

mentoring

involves supporting, training, and guiding an employee’s professional development.

development

training that augments the skills and knowledge of managers and professionals.

promotion

an advancement to a higherlevel job with increased authority, responsibility

transfer

a move to another job within the company at essentially the same level and wage

separations

employment changes involving resignation, retirement, termination, or layoff.

wage/salary survey

a study that tells a company how much compensation comparable firms are paying for specific jobs that the firms have in common.

commission

an incentive system that pays a fixed amount or a percentage of the employee’s sales.

bonuses

monetary rewards offered by companies for exceptional performance as incentives to further increase productivity

profit sharing

a form of compensation whereby a percentage of company profits is distributed to the employees whose work helped to generate them

benefits

forms of compensation provided to employees that are not part of an employee’s wages.

labor contract

the formal, written document that spells out the relationship between the union and management for a specified period of time— usually two or three years.

picketing

a public protest against management practices that involves union members marching and carrying antimanagement signs at the employer’s plant.

strikes

employee walkouts; one of the most effective weapons labor has.

boycott

an attempt to keep people from purchasing the products of a company.

lockout

management’s version of a strike, wherein a work site is closed so that employees cannot go to work.

strikebreaker

people hired by management to replace striking employees; called “scabs” by striking union members.

conciliation

a method of outside resolution of labor and management differences in which a third party is brought in to keep the two sides talking.

mediation

a method of outside resolution of labor and management differences in which the third party’s role is to suggest or propose a solution to the problem

arbitration

settlement of a labor/management dispute by a third party whose solution is legally binding and enforceable

Age Discrimination in Employment Act

a labor law that prohibits age-based discrimination against people 40 years of age or older.