gas laws

smaller particles

larger speed, larger rate of effusion

larger particles

slower speed, slower rate of effusion

effusion

escaping to the outside from a pinhole in a box

diffusion

high concentration to low concentration, spreading out

graham’s law

RateA / RateB = √MB / √MA

when do gases deviate from idea behavior?

polar gas molecules, larger size, lower temp & high pressure

*ideal assumes no attraction, insignificant particle volume

WATCH YOUR TEMP UNITS

CELSIUS AND KELVIN!!!

kinetic molecular theory

constant random motion, straight line movements, collisions cause pressure, insignificant gas volume, no particle attraction, elastic collisions, KE prop to temperature

windy

motion is not in random directions

gases are ideal at what conditions

HIGH TEMP (reduces particle attraction bc faster speed) LOW PRESSURE

NO PARTICLE INTERACTIONS, INSIGNIFICANT PARTICLE VOLUME

how do mercury barometers work?

atmospheric pressure pushes down on the pool of mercury

pressure = weight of mercury bc of gravity

sea level

1 atm, force of gravity on the atmosphere is = upward pressure force from the air below water

partial pressure sum

total pressure

*when calculating total pressure, types of particles do not matter!!!

collecting gas over water

atmospheric pressure + water vapor pressure