Gunderson et al. (2013) - Parent Praise Study

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts related to Gunderson et al.'s study on parent praise and its effects.

Parent Praise

A method of encouraging children by acknowledging their actions or qualities.

Person Praise

Praising the individual, e.g., 'Good girl' or 'You’re so smart.'

Process Praise

Praising the action or effort of the child, e.g., 'You must have tried hard.'

Entity Theory

The belief that abilities are fixed traits.

Incremental Theory

The belief that effort leads to changes in abilities and traits.

Malleable

Easily influenced or shaped.

Longitudinal Study

Research that follows the same subjects over a prolonged period.

Motivational Framework

The beliefs individuals hold about their own abilities and motivations.

Deception (in research)

Misleading participants about the true aim of the study.

Generalisability

The extent to which findings can be applied to broader populations.

Double-Blind Method

A study design where both participants and researchers are unaware of key aspects of the study.

Gender Differences in Praise

Distinctions in the amount or type of praise given to boys versus girls.

Ethical Considerations

Aspects of research that address the rights and welfare of participants.

Validity

The extent to which a study measures what it intends to measure.

Cognitive Assessment

A process involving tests that measure intellectual capabilities.

Fixed Quality

The idea that a person's traits or abilities cannot be changed.

Praise Patterns

Trends and types of praise observed in parental interactions with children.

Natural Environment

A real-life setting where research is conducted without artificial constraints.

Researcher Bias

The influence of a researcher's beliefs or expectations on the outcome of a study.

Study Conclusions

The primary findings and implications derived from research.