6.6/6.7 Causes and Effects of Migration

Changes in Home Societies

• Migrants were usually male

• Led to major demographic and gender role changes

• Men emigrated, women left to take on larger role

• Women had more authority and worked outside of home

Effects of Migrations on Receiving Socieites

• Ethnic enclaves formed

• Influenced cultures of new homes

Ethnic Enclaves

• neighborhoods of people from the same foreign country

• Migrants could share language, food, and lifestyles

• influenced country they were in

Chinese Enclaves

Southeast Asia:

• Chinese were engaged in commerce, managed farms, and held political positions in Dutch East Indies

Americas

• Came to US during 1848 Gold Rush

• Worked in mines and mining towns

• Used to build transcontinental railroad

Indian Enclaves

• Sent through British empire as indentured servants

Indian Enclaves in Africa

• Worked on sugar plantations and built railroads

• Brought caste system and more over

• Much discrimination

  • Mohandas Ghandi fought against it

  • Highlighted Indian discrimination in South Africa

  • Moved to India to protest over British rule

Indian Enclaves in Southeast Asia

• 1834-1937: Indians were the largest indentured labor group

• Kangani System: entire Indian families were recruited to work on plantations

Kangani System

when entire Indian families were recruited to work on tea, sugar, and rubber plantations in Southeast Asia as indentured servants

Indian enclaves in the Caribbean

• Many Indians sent to work on sugar plantations

• Made up largest ethnic group in many nations

• Blending of traditions

Irish Enclaves in North America

• Scots-Irish came to America as indentured servants or moved West during Manifest Destiny

• During Great Famine, 1.5 million came to USA

• Many hardships

• Irish culture spread through USA

  • st. patrick’s day, labor unions, Catholicism

Italians in Argentina

• Argentinian Constitution encouraged European immigration

  • Guaranteed civil rights for foreigners

• Italians were half of immigrants in Argentina

• Impact on Argentine culture

  • Spanish used Italian words, Italian spoken in Buenos Aires

• Fertile land was cheaper in Argentina than in Italy

• Cost of living was cheaper

• Many Italians improved their way of life by emigrating

Prejudice and Regulation in America

• States began to ban employers from hiring Chinese laborers

• Prevented citizenship

• Encouraged segregation in cities

• Chinese Exclusion Act

Chinese Exclusion Act

Banned Chinese immigration into the United States in 1882

Made permanent in 1902 but repealed in 1943

Prejudice and Restriction in Australia

• Chinese Immigration Act limited immigration

• White Australia Policy

Chinese Immigration Act

Act of 1855 that limited Chinese Immigration into Australia

used an entrance tax to restrict it too

White Australia

Australian government policy to limit non-British immigration