Studied by 6 people
Collective rights
Rights that belong to groups of people and are entrenched in Canada's constitution.
Affirm
To validate and express commitment to something; to state as a fact.
Collective identity
The shared identity of a group of people, especially because of a common language and culture.
Individual rights
Rights that every Canadian citizen and permanent resident has under the Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
Indigenous peoples
Including First Nations, Métis, and Inuit.
Anglophones
English-speaking Canadians.
Treaty
A constitutionally recognized agreement between the Crown and First Nation peoples.
Royal Proclamation
A proclamation issued by King George III in 1763 that recognized First Nations' rights to land and established the principle of making treaties with them.
Numbered Treaties
Treaties entered into between the Crown and a number of First Nations in Canada, numbered 1 to 11.
Treaty adhesion
Additional agreements made to existing treaties.
Indigenous languages
Languages spoken by Indigenous peoples in Canada.
Reconciliation
The process of healing and building positive relationships between Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples in Canada.
Land (reserves)
The promise of designated land for Indigenous peoples as part of the treaties.
Cash payments (annuities)
The promise of regular monetary payments to Indigenous peoples as part of the treaties.
Hunting and fishing tools
The provision of tools and equipment for hunting and fishing as part of the treaties.
Farming supplies
The provision of supplies and resources for farming as part of the treaties.
Health care
The promise of healthcare services for Indigenous peoples as part of the treaties.
Protection of fishing, hunting, and harvesting rights
The guarantee of the rights of Indigenous peoples to continue their traditional practices of fishing, hunting, and harvesting as part of the treaties.
Adhesion
The process by which Indigenous peoples who were not initially included in treaty negotiations could enter into the terms of a treaty by signing an adhesion.
Railway
The construction of a railway to link British Columbia to the rest of Canada and open the west to immigration.
Crown
Refers to the government or monarchy of Canada.
Treaty rights
The rights and obligations outlined in the treaties between Indigenous peoples and the Canadian government.
Written records
The official written documentation of the treaties by the Canadian government.
Land ownership
The belief that land can be owned by individuals or groups.
Land claims
Legal processes seeking to address historical wrongs and assert Indigenous rights and lands.
Status Indian
A person who is registered under the Indian Act and has legal standing as a "status Indian."
Ethnocentrism
The belief that one's own culture is superior to others.
Compensation
Financial restitution provided to survivors of abuse at residential schools.
Métis
One of the recognized Indigenous peoples in Canada, with mixed ancestry of First Nations and Europeans.
Métis rights
The inherent rights of the Métis people, including rights to land and traditional land use.
Métis Association of Alberta
An organization founded in 1932 by James Brady, Malcolm Norris, Felix Calihoo, Peter Tomkins, and Joseph Dion to improve the lives of Métis during the Great Depression. It later became the Métis Nation of Alberta.
Métis Population Betterment Act
A legislation passed by Alberta's government in 1938 that established twelve temporary Métis settlements, providing the Métis with land for the first time.
Section 35
A section of Canada's constitution that recognizes the Métis as one of Canada's Indigenous peoples with rights.
Supreme Court
The highest court in Canada that ruled in 2003 that the Métis have the right to hunt and fish under the constitution.
Francophone
A person whose first language is French.
First Official Language Spoken
The language that an individual learned as their first language (mother tongue), which is used to define Official Language Groups in Canada.
Official Language Minority
The official language group that represents the linguistic minority population of a province or territory in Canada.
Minority official language
The language that is considered the minority official language in a specific province or territory in Canada.
Francophone schools
Schools that provide instruction for students whose first language is French, focusing on language, culture, identity, and belonging to the Francophone community.
Collective Language Rights
Rights established in Canada to protect the language and identity of both Francophones and Anglophones.
Official Languages Act
The act passed in 1969 that made English and French the official languages of Canada and required federal institutions to provide services in both languages.
Bill 101
The Charter of the French Language, passed in 1977 by the Quebec government, which established French as the commonly used language in Quebec and imposed regulations on language use in public services and education.
Section 35 of Canada's Constitution
The section of the Canadian Constitution that recognizes and affirms the existing aboriginal and treaty rights of the aboriginal peoples of Canada.
Treaty 6
A treaty signed between Crown representatives and Cree, Assiniboine, and Ojibwe leaders in 1876, which established boundaries and rights for Indigenous peoples in present-day Alberta and Saskatchewan.
One-time cash payment
A payment made only once, in this case, $12 for each band member.
Schools on reserves
Educational institutions established within the reserve lands.
Twine and ammunition
Supplies provided, valued at $1,500 per year.
Agricultural implements
Tools and equipment used for farming, gardening, and raising livestock, such as gardening tools, livestock, horses, and wagons.
Right to pursue hunting, trapping, and fishing
Indigenous peoples retained the right to engage in these activities on reserve lands.
Medicine chest
A storage of medical supplies
Note 
Flashcard (50)