American Pageant Chapter 16 APUSH Review
Slavery in America
Bacon' s Rebellion in Virginia (1676) leads to shift from indentured servants to black slavery.
1780s: Slavery issue of debate at the Constitutional Convention
3/5th Compromise
Slave Trade ends in 1808
Fugitive Slave Act
Following the American Revolution slavery slowly ends in Northern and middle states.
Slavery band in northwest territory with northwest ordinance 1787.
The north and South were able to postpone a major sectional crisis with the in 1820.
King Cotton
Southern economy reliant on cash crops such as tobacco, rice, and cotton
Eli Whitey cotton gin makes the cash crop economy profitable.
Demand for land for cotton production leads to huge increase in demand for slave labor
Market Revolution: northern industry demand for southern cotton
Prosperity of North, South, and England built on backs of slaves
Increase in Cotton Production
Expansion of Slavery
Western expansion and the issue of slavery will cause an increase in sectional conflict.
Missouri compromise of 1820.
Compromise of 1850.
Kansas Nebraska Act 1854.
Antebellum South:
Primarily agrarian society: "King Cotton"
Lack of industrialization
$$$ invested in slave labor
25% of population owned slaves
Majority of southerners were not slave owners
Southern whites support and defend institution of slavery
Hopeful they will one day own slaves
Racism: Felt higher than slaves in southern society
Southern politics was in many ways a oligarchy
Government by the few wealthy
Plantation owners
Southern large slave holders control southern politics
Southern plantation owners 2) Small slaveholders 3) Yeoman farmers 4) people of the pine barrens
Contrast with the north
Lack of immigration to the south
African American Communities
African American population in the North
About 250,000
Tensions with Irish immigrants
Competition over low skilled jobs
Free black population in the South
About 250,000
Many restrictions on daily life
Especially after Nat Turner's rebellion in 1831
Slavery
Chattel slavery
Slaves were treated as property
“Uncle Tom's Cabin": brought the issue of families being broken up to a mass audience
By the eve of the civil war most slaves were in the deep south
Slaves were not afforded any social, political, or civil rights
Illegal to learn to read or write
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African American culture emerged as a blending of African and American cultural influences
African American religion (especially after 2nd GA)
Black Christianity [Baptists & Methodists]:
African practice of responsorial style of preaching.
Drawing on West African traditions
Importance of music in black culture. [esp. spirituals].
Resistance to Slavery
Forms of Resistance
Work slowdowns
Negligence
Break equipment
Run away: Underground Railroad
Slave Revolt
Slave revolts were not common
Stono Rebellion (1739): South Carolina slaves runaway to Florida
Denmark Vesey (1822): massive revolt planned in South Carolina
Nat Turner (1831): Revolt in Virginia killed 60 people
Southerns react
Harsher laws: “Black Codes”
Slave Patrols
Abolitionist Movement
Quakers were earliest opponent slavery
American Colonization Society: transport freed slaves back to Africa (1822 Monrovia, Liberia)
David Walker- "Appeal to thee Colored Citizens of World" (1829 called for violent uprising
William LIoyd Garrison (1833) American Anti-Slavery Society called for immediate uncompensated emancipation. - Published "The Liberator"
Sojourner Truth & Frederick Douglas: former slaves who advocated for abolitionism.
Liberty Party (1840)
Southern Reaction: Defense of Slavery
Gag Resolution in Congress (1836-1844)
Ban on anti-slavery petitions being discussed in Congress
Repealed by John Quincy Adam in 1844
Bans on teaching slaves to read or write
Southern states adopt strict slave codes
Nat Turner revolt
Anti-slavery messages banned from Southern mail
Pro-slavery argument by George Fitzhugh
Slaves as family
Better than "wage slavery"
civilized inferior people
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