week 4 quiz Q

Which of the following appears to be a predictor of a child's stuttering disappearing naturally?

none of the above

Predictors of recovery from stuttering include

good phonological and language skills

early age of onset

family members who have recovered from stuttering

Some research shows that:

in conversational speech of children who stutter, more complex utterances contain more stutters

children who stutter have anomalies in brain activity related to language processing

children who stutter are more likely to have language deficits than their fluent peers

parents of children who stutter

Rated their children as more sensitive than did parents rating nonstuttering children

stuttering is most likely to begin

when speech and language are developing rapidly

some research has shown that

• in the conversational speech of children who stutter, more complex utterances contain more stutters

• utterance length may have a greater effect on stuttering than does complexity of the word

• both children who stutter and fluent children have more disfluencies as language becomes more complex

parents often report

• that a child’s onset of stuttering occurred during a period of no extra stressors in the household

• child’s onset of stuttering occurred without apparent increased anxiety

• under normal circumstances

there may be some evidence that

having good phonological skills is an indicator that a child may stop stuttering

for classical conditioning to take place

• elicits a response

• neutral stimulus

• conditioned stimulus is then presented

critical response to stuttering at a young age

• can lead to embarrassment in a child

• can lead to the child reacting to all listeners as conditioned stimuli

• can lead to tense stuttering when talking to all listeners, even those who are not critical

which type of consequence can occur in operant conditioning

• positive reinforcer

• negative reinforcer

• punishment

avoidance conditioning

trying to eliminate a learned fear

example of avoidance behaviors

• putting extra sounds before starting a fear word

• substituting easy words for ones that may be stuttered

• not volunteering in a class discussion

theoretical perspectives

• stuttering as a disorder of brain organization

• stuttering as a disorder of timing

• stuttering as a language production deficit