History of Occupational Therapy

These flashcards cover the essential historical developments, key figures, and significant legislation related to the field of occupational therapy.

What is the purpose of knowledge about the past in understanding the present or future?

To make sense of the present or future, we must have knowledge about and appreciation of the past.

What diverse backgrounds contributed to the development of occupational therapy?

Backgrounds included psychiatry, medicine, nursing, arts and crafts, rehabilitation, teaching, and social work.

What significant social awareness emerged in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries?

The awareness that social structures lead to vast inequities and that a measure of life’s goodness should be available to all people.

What major event in the eighteenth century eliminated slavery in the United States?

The Civil War.

What movement sought to improve the treatment of those with mental disorders in the 18th century?

Moral Treatment Movement.

Who are the two figures credited with conceiving the moral treatment movement?

Philippe Pinel and William Tuke.

What concept was introduced by Philippe Pinel for treating the insane?

Work treatment.

What was the environment like at the York Retreat established by William Tuke?

It resembled that of a family, where patients were treated with kindness and consideration.

Who was the first physician in the United States to institute Moral Treatment practices?

Benjamine Rush.

What did the moral treatment movement emphasize for the care of the insane?

Consideration and human compassion for all people.

What was the focus of occupational therapy practices that emerged from humanitarian concerns?

The use of structured activity to simulate a more normal life for asylum inmates.

What did the arts and crafts movement oppose at the beginning of the twentieth century?

The production of items by machine.

Who developed the concept of using arts and crafts for medical purposes at the turn of the century?

Herbert Hall.

What facility did Herbert Hall establish for patients with neurasthenia?

A facility in Marblehead, Massachusetts.

What was Hall's alternative treatment approach to the 'rest cure'?

Participation in arts and crafts activities.

Who opened Consolation House for convalescent patients in 1914?

George Edward Barton.

What is Susan Tracy known for in the field of occupational therapy?

She published the first-known book on OT, 'Studies in Invalid Occupations'.

Which organization marked the formal birth of the occupational therapy profession?

The National Society for the Promotion of Occupational Therapy.

In what year was the National Society for the Promotion of Occupational Therapy incorporated?

1917.

Who is considered the father of occupational therapy?

William Rush Dunton, Jr.

What educational background did Eleanor Clarke Slagle have?

She was a student in social work.

What was Eleanor Clarke Slagle's significant contribution to occupational therapy?

Developing 'habit training' as a method for therapy.

What notable position did Eleanor Clarke Slagle hold at the Henry Phipps Psychiatric Clinic?

Director of the occupational therapy department.

What prestigious award was established by AOTA in 1953 in honor of Eleanor Clarke Slagle?

The Eleanor Clarke Slagle Lectureship Award.

What did George Barton advocate for while establishing Consolation House?

The use of occupation as a method of treatment.

What arts and crafts concept did Herbert Hall adapt for medical purposes?

The arts and crafts movement.

What was a key publication initiated by the Occupational Therapy organization in 1922?

The Archives of Occupational Therapy.

What was the historical significance of sociopolitical events during World War I to occupational therapy?

These events linked OT with physical rehabilitation.

What impact did World War II have on occupational therapy?

Increased demand for OT practitioners and recognition of OT as a vital rehabilitative service.

What advances in psychopharmacology occurred after World War II?

Discovery of neuroleptic drugs and other pharmacological advancements.

What significant act affecting occupational therapy was passed in 1973?

The Rehabilitation Act.

What legislation passed in 1990 significantly impacted individuals with disabilities?

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA).

What is the main goal of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)?

To ensure educators provide appropriate services for children with disabilities.

What shift in focus did the discovery of antibiotics contribute to post-World War II?

It changed the focus from long-term rehabilitative services.

What role did technical developments play in occupational therapy after World War II?

They impacted the methods used for splint making.

What does AOTA stand for?

American Occupational Therapy Association.

What was one of the effects of the Great Depression on occupational therapy services?

Closure of training programs and cuts in OT staff.

What therapeutic method did William Rush Dunton, Jr. introduce at Sheppard Asylum?

A regimen of crafts for patient workshops.

Who was Eleanor Clarke Slagle's mentor in developing the habit training program?

Adolph Meyer.

What group gathered to formally establish the National Society for the Promotion of Occupational Therapy?

Pioneers of the occupational therapy profession.

What is a key aspect of a holistic perspective in occupational therapy?

Involvement in meaningful activity promotes health.

What did Adolph Meyer emphasize in his keynote address?

The importance of work, play, rest, and sleep in occupational therapy.

What event in 1975 aimed to ensure the education of handicapped children?

Education of All Handicapped Children Act.

What advocacy did Gary Kielhofner contribute to in occupational therapy?

A return to the focus on occupation.