History Rise of Nazis Flashcards (combined)

National Socialist German Workers' Party

An extremist party established after the end of WWI in Germany. Their main beliefs were anti democracy, blaming Jews for Germany's weakness, and the politicians who signed the treaty had betrayed their country in doing so.

Propaganda

Political information spread for the means of painting someone or something in particular light (often bad).

Stormtroopers (SA)

Former soldiers from Germany in WWI that were recruited and provided food and shelter to be a part of the Nazi Party's new paramilitary.

Paramilitary Force

A group of soldiers that act as a military for an organization, but are not a government force.

Munich Putsch

An armed attempted takeover by the nazi party of the German government

Mein Kampf

A book written by Hitler during his time in jail, speaking about everything that he believes (and his party does).

Lebensraum

The belief that the German Aryan population was growing and needed to expand into Europe to have space to thrive.

Aryans

"German Germans" the people Hitler considers German.

Expanded values to include anti-communist ideas.

They brought in business owners who did not want government ownership since that was how they earned a living.

Purchased a newspaper to share information.

The newspaper spread anti-semitist ideas which led to more support for the party.

Made a national headquarters

Put them on the map as there to stay.

Had a lead Nazi for each section of Germany

Made it so the Nazi's had representation everywhere, and someone to lead the growing numbers of Nazis.

Party Conference in Bamberg

The conference established Hitler as the formal leader of the party, and brought back the 25 point plan.

Nazi rally in Weimar

It gathered Nazis in one place, bringing a sense of unity among them.

Hitler Youth

It brought more young supporters, and guaranteed Hitler to have support among the next generation.

New private bodyguard for Hitler

Hitler could not get attacked, and as the leader of the party it would affect it if Hitler got attacked.

Anti-Jewish message shared in propaganda in newspapers

This created more support for the party's anti-semitic aims.

Public meeting and training

This made it so more people within the party were fit to lead, and the aims of the party were more well known through meetings.

Nazi Women's League

This made more people feel welcome in the party, and like they were impactful, which brought more support.

What lesson did Hitler learn from his failure at the Beer Hall (Munich) Putsch?

He couldn't just go and take over. He required a lot more support from lots of people, so that he wasn't opposed and seen as the bad guy.

Identify and explain two factors that limited Nazi support between 1923 and 1929.

Stresemen's effective coalitions between smaller parties made it so that they were unable to gain seats in the Reichstag. People only voted for extreme parties when the government was not functioning, and at the time it was. Hindenburg, the president at the time, also had a big impact since he was a beloved war general, and had the people's support. Support for him meant less support for the Nazis.

Left Wing

Communist Party

Right Wing

Nazi Party

The Dawes Plan

- Loans from the USA

- Payments done over time

- No more French troops in the Ruhr

The Young Plan

- total bill lowered to $8 billion

- only had to pay a third of sum allocated per year

- payments made over 59 years

Diplomacy

Stressemen used diplomacy to improve other countries trust of Germany. He ended passive resistance to improve their relationship with France. He established the new currency to have other countries trust the German economy.

The Locarno Pact of 1925

- Germany agreed to borders

- Alsace-Lorraine is French

- no fighting over borders

League of Nations

USA wanted it created, but was not part of it in the end. Germany was finally allowed to join in 1926, and was given a seat on the decision making council. Showed positive impact of diplomatic policies.

Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1928

No more fighting to solve problems. They would not have another war, and would use diplomatic means to solve problems.

Boycott

When people agree to not patronize a group of people's businesses.

Nuremberg Laws (1935)

Two laws:

Reich Law for the Protection of German Blood and Honour

Jews and Aryans cannot marry

Reich Law on Citizenship

Only people of German blood were German citizens

Persecution

The purposeful target attack of a group of people often of a specific race.

Night of Broken Glass (Nov. 1938)

Caused by a German official being murdered by a Jewish man.

Almost 1000 Jewish shops were destroyed

Almost 200 Jewish synagogues were burned down or vandalized

Lots of Jewish homes were destroyed or stolen from

Almost 100 Jews were killed and 30,000 were taken under government custody

Totalitarism

Complete rule with the leader controlling every part of their peoples lives.

Gestapo

The Nazis new police that's purpose was to find people who opposed the Nazis and kill or send them to concentration camps.

SS

The Nazis new paramilitary force that replaced the SA.

Nazi Youth

Youth Groups required by all children ages 10-18. All evenings and weekends were spent at these youth groups learning about racial purity and the amazingness of Hitler.

Rearmament

The increase of Germany's army made lots of men join the army so there became a larger need for women factory workers.

Reichstage Fire (1933)

A fire that burned down the Reischtag building which was supposedly caused by a communist. This led to less support for the communist party, and later helped Hitler to be able to ban the party.

Enabling Act (1933)

A law passed by the Reischtag in 1933 which put Hitler in complete control of the German Government without needing to consult the Reischtag

Third Reich (1934)

The 3rd German empire after the German Empire and the Holy Roman Empire.

Plebiscite

When the people of a country vote on a single problem instead of voting on someone to make decisions.

Night of the Long Knives (1934)

A mass killing of SA leaders who were threats to Hitler, and some of Hitler's previous enemies. Close to 200 were killed, and it was very targeted.

What happened in 1918 in Germany?

Abdication of the Kaiser; establishment of the Weimar Republic

What happened in 1919 in Germany?

Treaty of Versailles

Hitler joins the German Workers Party

What happened in 1921 in Germany?

Hitler becomes leader of the NSDAP Party (Nazi Party)

Hitler sets up the SA

What happened in 1923 in Germany?

Invasion of the Ruhr

Hyperinflation Crisis (began earlier, but drastically increases in 1923)

Gustav Stresemann becomes chancellor, then foreign secretary (1923 - 1929)

Munich (Beer Hall) Putsch

What happened in 1924 in Germany?

The Dawes Plan

Hitler imprisoned

What happened in 1925 in Germany?

The Locarno Pact

Hitler publishes Mein Kampf

What happened in 1926 in Germany?

Hitler establishes the Hitler Youth

Germany rejoins League of Nations

What happened in 1928 in Germany?

The Kellogg Briand Pact

The Young Plan

What happened in 1929 in Germany?

Death of Gustav Stresemann

The Great Depression

End of Dawes Plan

What happened in 1933 in Germany?

Hitler becomes Chancellor (Jan. 30)

Reichstag Fire (Feb. 27)

"Decree for the Protection of the People and the State) (Feb. 28)

March 5 elections (Nazis & far right allies gain enough seats to form coalition)

Enabling Act (March 23)

What happened in 1934 in Germany?

The Knight of Long Knives (June 30)

What happened in 1935 in Germany?

Nuremberg Laws

What happened in 1938 in Germany?

Nov: Night of Broken Glass (Kristallnacht)

Weimar Republic:

The new government after the German revolution, a parliamentary democracy which gave all citizens the right of free speech, religion and equality. Was pretty unstable but managed to establish a new constitution for a more working government.

Parliamentary Democracy:

a system of government where the parliament made the laws and appointed the government

Chancellor:

The new head of government in the Weimar Republic in Germany.

Reichstag:

The parliament in the Weimar Republic in Germany.

Proportional representation:

A system for parliamentary representation where parties got seats based on the percentage of votes they received in the elections.

The Treaty of Versailles:

the armistice that ended WWI, Germany had to pay reparations and France got back Alsace Lorraine.

War Guilt Clause:

a clause in the treaty which said Germany had to accept the blame for starting the war

Reparations:

payments made to the Allies to pay for the damage caused by Germany during the war