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Language laws Bill 101

Legislation in Canada that promotes the use of the French language and restricts the use of English in certain contexts.

Descent

The origin or lineage of a person, typically referring to their ancestry or family background.

Citizen advocacy

The act of individuals or groups advocating for the rights and interests of citizens, often through lobbying or activism.

Welfare capitalism

An economic system that combines elements of capitalism with social welfare policies to provide a safety net for workers and address social inequalities.

Conservatism

A political ideology that emphasizes traditional values, limited government intervention, and the preservation of established institutions.

Classical conservatism

A variant of conservatism that emphasizes the importance of social hierarchy, order, and stability in society.

The Roaring Twenties

A period of economic prosperity and cultural change in the United States during the 1920s, characterized by increased consumerism and social liberation.

Wall Street Crash

The stock market crash that occurred in 1929, leading to the Great Depression.

The Great Depression

A severe worldwide economic downturn that lasted from 1929 to the late 1930s, marked by high unemployment, poverty, and a decline in industrial production.

Fiscal policy

The use of government spending and taxation to influence the economy, particularly in relation to managing inflation, unemployment, and economic growth.

Monetary policy

The control of the money supply and interest rates by a central bank to regulate economic activity and stabilize prices.

Roosevelt and the New Deal

President Franklin D. Roosevelt's economic and social reform programs implemented during the Great Depression to stimulate the economy and provide relief to those affected by the crisis.

Liberal democracy

A political system that combines liberal principles, such as individual rights and freedoms, with democratic governance.

Authoritarian governments

Political systems characterized by centralized power, limited political freedoms, and strict control over society.

Nazism

The ideology and political movement associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party, characterized by extreme nationalism, racism, and authoritarianism.

Containment

A foreign policy strategy adopted by the United States during the Cold War to prevent the spread of communism, particularly by containing the influence of the Soviet Union.

World War II events that led to the Cold War

The division of Germany, the emergence of the United States and the Soviet Union as superpowers, and the ideological differences between capitalism and communism.

The Truman Doctrine

A policy announced by President Harry S. Truman that provided economic and military aid to countries threatened by communism, aiming to contain its spread.

The Marshall Plan

An American initiative that provided economic assistance to Western European countries after World War II to aid in their recovery and prevent the spread of communism.

Berlin blockade

The Soviet Union's blockade of West Berlin from 1948 to 1949, which aimed to force the Western powers to abandon the city.

The Korean War

A conflict that took place from 1950 to 1953 between North Korea (supported by China and the Soviet Union) and South Korea (supported by the United Nations and the United States).

Hungarian Revolution

A nationwide revolt against the Soviet-backed Hungarian government in 1956, seeking political and economic reforms.

The Berlin Wall

A barrier constructed by East Germany in 1961 to separate East and West Berlin, symbolizing the division between communist and capitalist ideologies.

Partial Test Ban Treaty

An international treaty signed in 1963 that prohibited the testing of nuclear weapons in the atmosphere, underwater, and in outer space.

Cuban Missile Crisis

A 1962 confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union over the placement of Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba, which brought the world to the brink of nuclear war.

The Vietnam War

A protracted conflict that took place from 1955 to 1975 between North Vietnam (supported by the Soviet Union and China) and South Vietnam (supported by the United States and other anti-communist allies).

SALT treaties 1 and 2

Strategic Arms Limitation Talks between the United States and the Soviet Union that resulted in two treaties aimed at limiting the number of nuclear weapons possessed by each country.

Helsinki Accords

An agreement signed in 1975 by the United States, Canada, and European countries, including the Soviet Union, that aimed to improve relations between East and West during the Cold War.

Soviet war in Afghanistan

A conflict that lasted from 1979 to 1989, in which the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan to support a communist government against anti-communist resistance fighters.

The fall of the Berlin Wall

The dismantling of the Berlin Wall in 1989, symbolizing the end of the Cold War and the reunification of East and West Germany.

The nuclear arms race

The competition between the United